The Study of Explicit and implicit memory in social phobia and normal people

Authors
Yazdan Movahhedi
Mansoor Beyrami
Abdolkhalegh Minashiri
Gelavizh Karimi Javan
Soheyla Khazaee
Abstract
Anxiety disorders, particularly social phobia, are one of the most important disorders in students requiring attention. This aim study compared Explicit and implicit memory in social phobia people and normal people. In this study with causal – comparative method 50 subjects with social phobia and 50 normal individuals have compared, Subjects were selected Through Screeningfrom between Tabriz university students. Data collected measures of social phobia, the word stem completion test & Note the sign test. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. This study showed that in positive and negative words implicit memory in social phobia people and normal subject’s Significant differences between the two groups of people with social phobia and normal people. But are not significant differences between the two groups in explicit memory.
Keywords
Explicit memory
implicit memory
Social phobia
Amir, A.T., Foa, E.B., & Coles, M.E.(2000). Implicit memory bias for threat-relevant information in individual with generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,109, 713-720.
Cloitre, M., Cancienne, J., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, D. S., & Liebowitz, M. (1995). Memory bias does not generalize across anxiety disorders. Behaviour Reserch and Therapy, 33, 305-307.
Coles, M.E. & Hemberg, R.G. (2002). Memory biases in the anxiety disorders. clinical psychology Review. 22: 587-627.
Connor. KM, Davidson JR, Churchill LE, Sherweed A, Foa EB. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). British J Psychiatr, 176: 379-386.
Dadsetan, P. (2002). Morbid psychological development from childhood to old age.Tehran. samt press. [In Persian].
Daly, J.A., Vangelisti, A.L., & Lawrence, S.G. (1989). Self-focused attension and public speaking anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 903-913.
Foa, E.B. Gilboa- Schechtman, E. Amir, N. & Freshman, M. (2000). Memory Bias in generalized social phobia: remembering negative emotional expressions, Journal of Anxity Disorder. 14: 50- 519.
Friedman, B.H. Theyer, J.F, & Borkovec, T.D. (2000). Explicit memory bias for threat Words in generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior therapy. 51: 745-756.
Hope, D. A. Rapee, R. M.,Heimberg, R. G., & Dombeck, M. S. (1990). Representations of the self in the social phobia: vulnerability in social interaction. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 177-189.
Karimijavan, G., Nelepour, R., Ashyri H., Yadigari F. (2005). The role of explicit and implicit memory in stutterers. Journal of Rehabilitation.2, 69-72. [In Persian].
Kimble , C. E., & Zehr, H. D. (1982). Self-consciounsness , information load , self-presentation, and memory in a social situation.JournalofSocial psychology, 118 , 39-46.
Mayes, A.R., Gooding, P. A., & Eijk, R. V. (1997). A new theoritical framwork for explicit and implicit memory. PSYCHE, 3(2). Retrived on 14.8.2007 from: http:// psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v2/ psyche 3-20-mayes.html.
Mellings , T. M. B ., & Alden , L. E. (2000). Cognitive processes in social anxiety: The effects of self-focus , rumination and anticipatory processing. Behaviour Research andTherapy, 38 , 243-257.
Musa, C.Z. & Lepine, J.P. (2000).Cognitive Aspects of social phobia .a Review ofTheories and Experimental Researh.Europian Psychiatry , 15: 59-66.
Perez-Lopez, J. R., & Woody, S. R. (2001). Memory for facial expressions in social phobia. Behaviour Reseatch and Therapy, 39, 967-975.
Rapee , R. M ., McCallum , S.l., Melville , L. F ., Ravenscroft , H ., & Rodney , J. M. (1994). Memory bias in social phobia. Bihaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 89-99.
Rheingold, A.A. Herbert, J.D. & Franklin, M.E. (2003). Cognitive bias in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. cognitive therapy and research, 6: 639-655.
Williams , J. M. G , & Watts , F. N & Macleard , C & Mathews , A. (1999). Cognitive Psychology and Emotion Disorders , Second Edition: Wiley , 18 , 124-131.