Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 1 2 2014 3 1 The Effect of Self-consciousness and Attention on the Decrease of Performance in Basketball Players 1 9 FA H. Bakhshayesh Y P. Shafinia N F. Bahmani N The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of the self-consciousness and attention on the decrease of performance in female basketball players. 60 athletes, who were the members of different basketball team in Ahvaz city, were selected through simple random sampling and then were put in four groups: two experimental group for the self-consciousness (a group with high self-consciousness and a group with low self-consciousness) and two experimental group for the attention (a group with relevant attention and a group with irrelevant attention). Open and closed skills as well as self-consciousness questionnaire were considered as the measurement tools of the study. Results of multivariable regression analysis showed that the low self-consciousness and irrelevant attention groups were better than the other groups in the situations with high pressure. Generally, those with high-self consciousness were aroused more than the group with low self-consciousness. Individuals with high self-consciousness believed that they were in the target of the others’ observation. So, the findings of the study supported the distraction model. Skill failure and success depended on how the environment of performing affects the attention and on how much skill performance depends on the attention.   Kay words Obstruction , Skill , Self-consciousness , Relevant Attention , Irrelevant Attention , http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1733-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1733-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 1 2 2014 3 1 Effectiveness of the Meta-cognitive Trainings in the Reading Functions of the Third Grade Male Dyslexia Students of the Elementary Schools 10 18 FA A. Esfahani atenaesfahani2013@yahoo.com Y A. S. Asgarnejad a.asgharnejad@yahoo.com N H. Ahadi ahadi@atu.ac.ir N A. M. Mousavi mousavi1957@yahoo.com N This research has studied the effect ofmeta-cognitive trainings in the reading functions of the third grade male dyslexia Students of the Elementary Schools. Research design of the study was experimental and its type was pre-post test with the control group. Population of this research included all the third grade male dyslexia students of the elementary schools in Abik city in the academic year 2012-2013. Sample of the study included 30 dyslexia students who were selected on the random basis. These subjects were put in two groups of 15: an experimental group and a control group. The tools applied in this study were dyslexia and reading (NAMA) test and children`s Wechsler Intelligence test. The experimental group received the meta-cognitive trainings for 8 sessions of 60 minutes while there was no interfering in the control group. Following the interference, the dyslexia and reading test was executed for the both groups. The data then was analyzed by the covariance analysis. Results of the study showed that the meta-cognitive trainings were effective in the reading functions of the dyslexia students.   Dyslexia , Meta-cognitive Trainings , Dyslexia and Reading Test (NAMA) , Children’s Wechsler Intelligence , http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1734-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1734-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 1 2 2014 3 1 Effects of the Emotion Elicitation on the Enhancement of the Implicit Motor Memory 19 29 FA F. Ghadiri farhad_gh_sh@yahoo.com Y A. Bahram N A. Rashidipoor N S. Zahedi Asl N The Purpose of this study was investigating the effects of the emotion elicitation on the enhancement of the implicit motor memory. To achieve this goal, of the students of Kharazmi University, 40 undergraduate students (20 male and 20 female students), who were accessible, were selected, and then they were divided randomly into two emotional and neutral groups: in each group there was 10 men and 10 women. Serial color matching task was considered for this study. The experiment included two periods: acquisition and remembering period. In the acquisition period, all groups practiced the task for six blocks of 150 trials with the repetitive and random frequency. During the acquisition period, the emotion of a group was aroused by the method of manipulating failure while the other group was in a neutral situation. During the experiment, the changes occurred in the density of the salivary cortisol and anxiety was measured. The Results showed that increasing the emotion of the task could increase the density of the salivary cortisol and anxiety. Furthermore, while the neutral group had no enhancement in SCRT learning during the 24 hours, the emotional group showed substantial enhancement during the same period of time.   Emotional Enhancement of Memory , Implicit Motor Memory , serial reaction time task , http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1735-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1735-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 1 2 2014 3 1 Evaluation of Coping Styles, Meta-cognitive Beliefs and Test Anxiety in the University Students: Investigating the Mediating Role of Coping Styles 30 40 FA Z. Haghshenas Y R. Nouri N A. R. Moradi moradi@khu.ac.ir N G. R. Sarami ghrsar@yahoo.com N The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the coping styles, meta-cognitive beliefs and test anxiety by considering the mediating role of coping styles based on the Self-regulatory executive function in the university students. In 2010, 638 students of Tehran’s kharazmi University and Agricultural faculty of Tehran University were selected through Stratified sampling method from October to November. Students completed Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations of Endler and Parker, Test Anxiety Inventory, Metacognitions Questionnaire. In this study the correlational method was used. Spearman correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the variables and the path analysis method was used to determine the contribution of each component. The Results showed that the emotion-oriented and problem-oriented coping strategies had a mediating role in the relationship between the meta-cognition and test anxiety. But avoidance coping strategy had no mediating role in this relationship. Of five dimensions of meta-cognition, only the positive meta-cognitive beliefs and cognitive confidence had a direct effect on the test anxiety. But the effects of other dimensions were indirect. With respect to the results, focusing on the coping strategies and meta-cognitive beliefs can play an important role in the students’ test anxiety. It is suggested that the treatment interventions which are based on the meta-cognition and coping should be considered for treatment of test anxiety disorder.   Coping Styles , Metacognitive Beliefs , test anxiety , http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1736-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1736-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 1 2 2014 3 1 A comparative study of informal learning of female and male university students 41 58 FA M. Manteghi Y Sh. Farmani N F. Poormand N The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of informal education on female and male students of Khurazmi University. The method of research is survey research. The scale is based on primary interviews, creating research questionnaire, investigating the facial and content validity of questionnaire and calculating the cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire. Verifying the psychological aspects of the questionnaire, they are distributed among 850 male and female students equally. By removing the falsified questionnaires the 733 were investigated. The results imply that in factor analyses of the data, 13 factors (47.48%) have been identified. The performed comparative study of female and male students showed that the female students in religious studies, increasing religious knowledge, acquainting with globalization and political thought are standing in a higher level than male students. On the other hand, male students in considering the essence of religion and morality instead of religious rules, political views and activities, abuse of technology and cultural retardation are standing in a higher level than female students.   informal education , female students , male students , religious revolution , Cultural Revolution , political revolution , http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1732-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1732-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 1 2 2014 3 1 The relationship between the components of metacognitive knowledge and reading comprehension of students with a developmental approach 59 66 FA F. Mirzaee Y P. Kadivar N M. H. Abdollahi abollahimh@yahoo.fr N V. Ramezani ramezani_vali@yahoo.com N The present study investigated of relationship between the components of metacognitive knowledge and reading comprehension of students with a developmental approach. Statistics population was fifth grade girl students in elementary school and third grade girl students in secondary school of seventh district of ministry of education in Tehran. 80 students (38 third grade girl students in secondary school and 42 fifth grade girl students in elementary school) were selected with multi stage cluster sampling. Instruments of the study were metacognitive knowledge questionnaire and reading comprehension questionnaire. The result of the study indicated that: there is a positive correlation between metacognitive knowledge and reading comprehension in both grades. Among the elementary school’s fifth grade students, the person subscale was good predictors of reading comprehension. Among the secondary school’s third grade students, the task subscale was good predictors of reading comprehension. The person and task subscales predict 47% of variance of reading comprehension.  The third grade girl students in secondary school have higher scores in metacognitive knowledge and reading comprehension than fifth grade girl students in elementary school.   Key Words metacognitive knowledge , reading comprehension , developmental approach , http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1708-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1708-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 1 2 2014 3 1 A Study of the Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Predicting Hopelessness and Resilience among University Students 67 75 FA M. E. Taghizadeh metaghizadeh@yahoo.com Y A. Farmani azamfarmani3@gmail.com N The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of cognitive flexibility in predicting the hopelessness and resilience among university students. 277students of Shiraz University participated in the present study via cluster sampling method during the fall semester of the 2010- 2011 academic year. The participants completed the items of Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. To analyze the data, the statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results showed that Control subscale could negatively predict the total score of hopelessness and all of its subscales. Moreover, alternatives control subscale negatively predicted the total score of hopelessness and the hopelessness subscales of disappointment in achieving the desired and negative expectations about future. Alternatives for human Behaviors subscale predicted the hopelessness subscale of future uncertainty. Simultaneous multiple Regression analyses in predicting resilience indicated that Control and Alternatives subscales predicted the resilience. It is concluded that cognitive flexibility has the ability to predict the hopelessness and resilience. Thus, educating cognitive flexibility via cognitive- behavior therapy (CBT) can decrease hopelessness and increase the resilience among clients.   Key Words Cognitive Flexibility , Hopelessness , Resilience , Control , Alternatives , Alternatives for Human Behaviors , http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1737-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1737-en.pdf