Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 7 3 2019 12 1 The Comparison of Alpha Power, Peak Alpha Frequency and Frontal Alpha Asymmetry between Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy People 1 15 FA sepideh dehghani University of Tehran dehghanisepideh68@gmail.com N Reza Rostami University of Tehran rrostami@ut.ac.ir Y Mohammad Ali Besharat University of Tehran besharat@ut.ac.ir N Reza Zomorrodi , University of Toronto Reza.Zomorrodi@camh.ca N Homayoun Vahedi Tehran University of Medical Sciences vhedi@ams.ac.ir N Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort and change in the intestinal habits. The aim of this study was the comparison of brain oscillations features between patients with IBS and healthy control, speciallity in alpha frequency band by using rest-electroencephalography (EEG). 11 IBS patients (7 females and 4 male) and 11 healthy (7 females and 4 male), gender and age-matched, were selected and brain oscillations were recorded by a 64-channel EEG at rest in eye-closed condition. Alpha power, peak alpha frequency and frontal alpha asymmetry were calculated and analyzed by fast Fourier transform and independent t test. The results showed that in IBS group, the average of alpha was higher, the peak alpha frequency and frontal alpha asymmetry are lower than healthy control. Our findings indicated that difference between healthy control and IBS group in their cortical functions and generated brain wave oscillation, specifically in alpha frequency bands. Theses results may serve as a biomarker and prognostic tools for IBS treatments. Irritable bowel syndrome, alpha power, peak alpha frequency, frontal alpha asymmetry, personalized medicine http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3221-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3221-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 7 3 2019 12 1 Psychometric properties of the Persian form of Imagination Questionnaire 16 25 FA Sharif Mombeyni Shahid Chamran University www.sharifmombeyni@gmail.com Y AliReza Haji Yakhchali Shahid Chamran University www. hajiyakhchali@yahoo.com N Manijeh Shehni yailagh Shahid Chamran University shehniyailaghm@yahoo.com N Gholamhoseyn Maktabi Shahid Chamran University N Since imagination can help students' academic achievement and creativity and lead to the flourishing of talents and the development of ideas, the purpose of the present study was to validate the Liang, Su, Chang and Lin imagination questionnaire. The research method, correlation and statistical population of this study were all secondary school students in Ahvaz. 300 students (150 boys and 150 girls) were selected by multistage random sampling method. The Liang, Su, Chang and Lin imagination questionnaire were used to measure imagination. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 10 items in the form of two factors, creative imagination and productive imagination, constitute the imagination scale. Also Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the components of creative imagination and productive imagination measured imagination with good power. The reliability and validity analysis of the imagination components showed that the questions were sufficiently accurate in measuring the imagination components. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were reported between 0.66 and 0.70 which indicated that both components have the necessary precision in determining the structure of imagination. The results of this study showed that the questionnaire has good validity and reliability and is suitable for imagination. Imagination Questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties in Iranian students' community and researchers can use it as a valid tool in imagination measurement. Validation , Imagination http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3212-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3212-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 7 3 2019 12 1 Information Avoidance: A Strategy to Facilitate Emotional Decision Making 26 39 FA Ebrahim Ahmadi Department of Psychology, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran eahmadi1356@gmail.com Y Hojjat Hatami Department of Physical Education, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran N Ebrahim Rangraz Department of Physical Education, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran N   When people want to make an emotional decision, they may avoid information that can make a rational decision stronger. With the aim of investigating information avoidance as a strategy to facilitate emotional decisions and in an experimental design, a call for participation in this study was sent to thirty thousand mobile phone subscribers in Tehran and Karaj and finally 383 people (149 men) with a mean age of 32 years participated in this research. First, participants were faced with rational and emotional choices, and then their information avoidance was measured. Participants were then randomly assigned to three groups and were given the same information they had avoided in three different ways. Finally, participants chose one of the two options and their desire for emotional choice was measured. Z Test and logistic regression analysis showed that most of the participants avoided information, but the same information affected their decisions, the participants who avoided information, chose more emotional choices, and the more the participants desire for emotional choice, the more their information avoidance. So, people avoid information to make emotional decision making easier. Information Avoidance, Decision Making, Conflict, Rational, emotional http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3162-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3162-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 7 3 2019 12 1 Effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation based on “ARAM” program in improving executive functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working memory in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment 40 59 FA Neda Nazarboland Shahid Beheshti University n_nazarboland@sbu.ac.ir Y Ameneh Tahmasi Shahid Beheshti University a.tahmasebi74@yahoo.com N Vahid Nejati Shahid Beheshti University Nejati@sbu.ac.ir N The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, on improving the executive functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working mwmory in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. This experimental study was a Single Subject of type A-B, which 6 elderly (4 women and 2 men) with an average age of 62 years old were selected via  purposeful convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of control (n=3) and experimental (n=3). The evaluation of selective attention and inhibitory control was done using Stroop, Go/NO Go and N-back tests, and the "ARAM" rehabilitation program was presented in 10 one-hour personal sessions for each experimental group subjective. All subjective in both groups was evaluated 6 times (before, during, just after and 2 months following the intervention) and also control group were evaluated simultaneously without receiving any interventions. Using visual analysis, collected data revealed that the scores of both tests of executive functions in experimental group, were steadily increased all through intervention, while the control group scores’ did not make significant changes. Also, two-month follow-up evaluations showed a stable improvement in executive functions of the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation based on ARAM program has improved the functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working memory in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. As there are many documentaries suggesting possibility of leading mild cognitive impairment to more serious cognitive disabilities such as Alzheimer’s disease, such findings can confirm possibility of improving cognitive functions of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment with, with lower therapeutic costs applying the help of technology cognitive rehabilitation, inhibitory control, mild cognitive impairment, selective attention, working memory. http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3247-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3247-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 7 3 2019 12 1 Comparing the Effectiveness of Divergent Thinking and Metaphorical Thinking as two Creative Methods on EFL Learners\' Critical Thinking 60 73 FA Sara Barghool English Department, Tabriz branch, Azad University, Tabriz, Iran sara.bingo@yahoo.com N Nasrin Hadidi Tamjid English Department, Tabriz branch, Azad University, Tabriz, Iran nhadidi@iau.ac.ir Y Tooran Ahour English Department, Tabriz branch, Azad University, Tabriz, Iran torahour2@yahoo.com N Creativity can play an important role in today's world, and especially in education. Using innovative approaches in teaching can help students cope with stressful situations and learn better and deeper but unfortunately, little value is given to creativity. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of divergent thinking and metaphorical thinking as creativity-training methods on critical thinking among English learners. The present study is an experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population consisted of 45 TOEFL students in Jahade Daneshgahi in Tabriz University. The data were collected using Honey Critical Thinking Questionnaire, and for the data analysis covariance analysis was used. The results showed that although the critical thinking score in the divergent thinking group was higher than the metaphorical thinking score, this difference was not significant, but both methods were effective in enhancing students' critical thinking. Although more studies are needed to better understand and deepen the impact of creativity on critical thinking, the present study suggests that the use of creative methods can increase the sense of innovation and creativity and critical thinking in learners. Also teachers can use both creativity-training methods in teaching English Metaphorical Thinking, Critical Thinking, Divergent Thinking, Creativity http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3244-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3244-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 7 3 2019 12 1 The Effectiveness of Cognitive- Behavioral Play Therapy on improve Mathematics Performance and Perception the Spatial Relationships among Students with Mathematics Learning Disability 74 89 FA Asghar Jafari University of Kashan As_Jafari@sbu.ac.ir Y Drasgharjafari@yahoo.com N Students with mathematics learning disability, because cognitive- behavioral dysfunctions, have defects in orientation and visual- spatial processing, which leads to defect in perception the spatial relationships and basic skills of mathematics. The purpose of present study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive- behavioral plays on improve mathematics performance and perception the spatial relationships in students with mathematics learning disability. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and a two months follow- up with control group was used. through purposeful sampling method, 30 participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected in the center of specific training of leaning disability in Zarandiyeh- Saveh and randomly assigned to two groups of cognitive- behavioral play therapy or control, n1=n2=15. Research tools were the tests of conoli’s Key math (1988) and Farastick’s perpetual- visual (1963) which were administered in three stages for two groups and the protocol of Schaefer& et al’s cognitive- behavioral play to the experimental group during nine weekly, 60- minute sessions and data were analyzed using mixed model repeated measures analysis variance. Finding showed that cognitive- behavioral play therapy had a significant effect on math performance and perception the spatial relationships of students with mathematics learning disability and this effect remained stable at follow-up. Since cognitive- behavioral play therapy likely leads to improve basic skills of mathematics, spatial awareness, visual- spatial perception, space perception, motor and orientation in students with mathematics learning disability, effect on math performance and perception the spatial relationships. Hence, it can be used as a low- cost and effective psycho educational method for improving students with mathematics learning disability. play therapy, spatial relationships, math performance, mathematics learning disability http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3179-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3179-en.pdf

Kharazmi University فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی 2345-5780 2345-5780 7 3 2019 12 1 The Effect of Cognitive Rehablitation Trainings on Executive Functions and Attention in Students with Learaning Problem 90 107 FA Kamal Parhoon Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran kamalparhon110@gmail.com N Hadi Parhon Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran hadi.parhon43@gmail.com Y The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Cognitive rehabilitation traning (CTR) on Executive functions and attention in students with lrarning problem. In an experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group, 42 students with LP were selected through convenient sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent two months’of intervention and the scores of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF), and the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) were gathered in both groups before and after the intervention and in one month follow up. The data was analyzing by the statistical test of mixed variance analysis. The results in the post-test and follow-up stages showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups, in terms executive functions, and attention. This means that the experimental group who underwent the intervention program had significant improvement in the post-test phase in terms of executive functioning and attention. the changes made during the follow-up phase remained consistent. Also, based on the results obtained, cognitive rehabilitation intervention did not significantly affect the emotional regulation index of students with the LP. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of a designed cognitive rehabilitation program on executive function, and attention of students with LP; therefore, considering these findings and the mechanism, the effectiveness of this intervention method can have appropriate therapeutic effects on reducing cognitive and psychological problems and improving the quality of life of student with LP. Keywords: students with Learning problem, Executive functions, Attention, Cognitive Rehabilitation. http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3225-en.html http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3225-en.pdf