تاثیر هدف گزینی بر ارتقاء عملکرد حافظه اخباری در تکالیف با بارشناختی بالا و پایین در جوانان

نویسندگان
مریم رحیمیان
پروانه شمسی پور دهکردی
ناهید بریزی
دانشگاه الزهرا تهران
چکیده
هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تاثیر هدف گزینی بر عملکرد حافظه اخباری در تکالیف با بار شناختی متفاوت بود. 60 دانشجوی دختر به طور تصادفی در شش گروه اهداف کوتاه مدت، اهداف بلندمدت و گروه کنترل در تکالیف با بارهای شناختی زیاد و کم به طور جداگانه تقسیم شدند. بدین منظور از پرسشنامه های کیفیت خواب پترزبورگ، بهداشت روانی گلدبرگ، عملکرد شناختی، دست برتری آنت، و نرم افزارهای استروپ (تکلیف با بار شناختی بالا) و تطبیق رنگ زنجیره ای (تکلیف با بار شناختی پایین) استفاده شد. تمامی گروه ها بر اساس نوع دستورالعمل هدف گزینی چهار جلسۀ تمرینی را در چهار روز اجرا کردند. آزمون یادداری 24 ساعت بعد از مرحله اکتساب اجرا شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش های تحلیل واریانس عاملی مرکب با اندازه های تکراری برای مرحله اکتساب، تحلیل واریانس دو راهه، تحلیل واریانس یک راهه و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی در مرحله یادداری انجام شد. نتایج در مرحله اکتساب تفاوت معناداری را بین گروه های آزمابشی نشان داد (0/05>P). در آزمون یادداری و تکلیف با بار شناختی بالا (تکلیف استروپ)، گروه اهداف کوتاه مدت عملکرد بهتری نسبت به گروه های دیگر داشتند (0/05>P). همچنین برای تکلیف با بار شناختی پایین (تکلیف تطبیق رنگ زنجیره ای) عملکرد گروه اهداف کوتاه مدت بهتر از گروه کنترل بود. در آزمون یادداری، مقایسه گروه ها در تکالیف با بار شناختی بالا و پایین نشان داد گروه های اهداف کوتاه مدت و بلند مدت در تکلیف با بارشناختی بالا به طور معنی دار عملکرد بهتری نسبت به گروه های اهداف کوتاه مدت و بلند مدت در تکلیف با بارشناختی پایین دارند. بنابراین، نتایج بیانگر این امر بود که دستورالعمل های هدف گذاری در تکلیف با بار شناختی بالا تاثیر بیشتری دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تکلیف استروپ
تکلیف تطبیق رنگ زنجیره ای
هدف گزینی
حافظه اخباری

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Goal Setting on Improve the Declarative Memory Performance in Tasks with Low and High Cognitive Load

نویسندگان English

maryam rahimian
parvaneh shamsipour
nahid barizi
چکیده English

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of goal setting on declarative memory performance in tasks with different cognitive loads. 60 female students were selected randomly and divided into short-term goals, long-term goals with high and low cognitive loads and the control groups. For this purpose, the Petersburg sleep quality questionnaire, Goldberg mental health questionnaire, inventory cognitive function, Annette handedness questionnaire, and Stroop software (task with high cognitive load) and color matching chain (task with low cognitive load) were used. All groups practiced four training sessions in four days based on type of goal setting instructions. The retention test was performed 24 hours after the acquisition phase. Data were analyzed using the factorial repeated measures ANOVA (acquisition phase), two-way analysis of variance, one way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test (retention test). Results showed significant differences among experimental groups in the acquisition phase (P<0.05). The short term goals group performed better than the other groups in the retention test and task with high cognitive load (stroop task). Also, the short term goals group had better performance than control group in the low cognitive load task (color matching task chain). Furthermore, comparing the groups in tasks with high and low cognitive loads in the retention test showed that the short and long term goals groups in task with high cognitive load performed better than the short and long term goals groups in task with low cognitive load. Thus, the results indicate that goal setting instructions are more effective in task with high cognitive load.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Stroop Task
Color Matching Chains Task
Goal Setting
declarative memory
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