پیش بینی گرایش به وسواس فکری بر اساس نیمرخ شناختی (حافظه کاری، حافظه کوتاه‌مدت، و کارکردهای اجرایی)

نویسندگان
روح الله شهابی 1
سعید اکبری زردخانه 2
جواد کاوسیان 3
زهره انصاری 2
1 پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
2 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 دانشگاه خوارزمی
چکیده
حافظه کاری یک نظام شناختی جامع است که هم دربرگیرنده مکانیسم­های حافظه­ای و هم توجهی است و به همین دلیل در مطالعه نظام­مند مشکلات شناختی می­تواند بکار گرفته شود. بر این اساس هدف از پژوهش حاضر شناسایی میزان پیش­بینی­کنندگی ظرفیت حافظه کاری و کارکردهای اجرایی آن (شامل تغییر، بازداری و بروزرسانی توجه) برای گرایش به وسواس بوده است. جامعه پژوهش، شامل دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران بوده است که از این این جامعه نمونه­ای به حجم 164 نفر (90 مرد و 74 زن) سال به روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای سنجش گرایش به وسواس از پرسشنامه وسواس اجباری مادزلی (هاگسون و راچمن، 1977)، برای سنجش ظرفیت حافظه کاری از تکلیف فراخنای وارونه اعداد (عابدی، 1387)، برای سنجش حافظه کوتاه­مدت از فراخنای اعداد رو به جلو و برای سنجش تغییر، بازداری و بروز رسانی توجه به ترتیب از تکالیف تغییر آمایه (روگرس و مونسل، 1995)، استروپ (اسپرین و استراس، 1998) و نگه­داشتن رد (مارتینز و همکاران، 2011) استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داده است ظرفیت حافظه کاری و مکانیسم­های توجهی کارکردهای اجرایی روی هم رفته بخش زیادی از واریانس (حدود 67 درصد) گرایش به وسواس را پیش­بینی می­کنند. بر این اساس می­توان نتیجه گرفت افراد دارای گرایش­های وسواسی در کارکردهای شناختی اندوزشی، نظارتی و کنترلی اجرایی مرکزی مانند تمرکز بر اطلاعات مرتبط و نادیده گرفتن اطلاعات نامرتبط، توانایی نگه­داری و دستکاری اطلاعات به طور موقت فعال شده، و یا به عبارت کلی­تر، در کنترل توجه ضعف اساسی دارند و مداخله در این کارکردها می­تواند به عنوان یک راهبرد درمانی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
وسواس فکری عملی
حافظه کاری
کارکردهای اجرایی

عنوان مقاله English

Predict of Obsessive Compulsive Based on Cognitive variables (Working Memory, Inhibition, Shifting, Updating and Short Term Memory)

چکیده English

working memory is the comprehensive cognitive system that embedded attentional and memorical mechanisms and therefore can be used in systematic research of cognitive problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of working memory capacity and executive functions (shifting, inhibition and updating) for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. We selected 164 student (90 male and 74 female) from university of Tehran with random sampling method and they completed Maudsley Obsessional – Compulsive Inventory (Hodgson & Rachman, 1977), the Digit Backward Span Task (workingmemory capacity), Forward Span task (Short Term Memory), Stroop (inhibition, Spreen & Strauss, 1998), Set- Switching Task (shifting, Rogers & Monsell, 1995) and Keep Track Task (updating, Martinez, et al., 2011). Data analyzing used regression showed working memory and executive function totally predict considerable amount (67 percent) of obsessive compulsive predisposition. Therefore it can be concluding, obsessive people have crucial weakness in storage, monitoring and executive cognitive function (in general attention control) and we can use training in these functions as treatment strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Obsessive compulsive
Working memory capacity
executive function
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