بررسی حافظه گذشته‌نگر و آینده‌نگر و توانایی شناختی بر اساس ابعاد شخصیتی نظریه حساسیت به تقویت گری: گرایش رفتاری و بازداری رفتاری

نویسنده
سازمان مربوطه
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقایسه ابعاد مختلف حافظه شامل حافظه گذشته­نگر و آینده­نگر و توانایی شناختی در سه گروه شخصیتی مبتنی بر نظریه حساسیت به تقویت بود. به این منظور، ابتدا 358 نفر از دانشجویان از طریق نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای چند مرحله­ای از دانشگاه بوعلی سینا انتخاب شدند. سپس مقیاس سیستم­های مغزی/رفتاری به منظور پاسخگویی در بین آنها توزیع گردید تا پاسخ دهند. پس از تحلیل نتایج اولیه تعداد 51 نفر از آنان بر اساس تحلیل خوشه­ای در پرسش­نامه سیستم­های مغزی/رفتاری انتخاب شده و درنهایت به منظور آزمون فرضیه­های پژوهش، شرکت­کنندگان در ابعاد حافظه گذشته­نگر و آینده­نگر و توانایی شناختی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. داده­ها پس از جمع­آوری با استفاده از شاخص­های توصیفی، تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره و آزمون­های تعقیبی تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد بین سه گروه شخصیتی تفاوت معناداری در ابعاد حافظه و توانایی شناختی وجود دارد. به این صورت که گروه با حساسیت سیستم بازداری رفتاری بالا در مؤلفه‌های حافظه گذشته­نگر، آینده­نگر، حافظه عمومی، توانایی نام بردن عملکرد بهتری داشتند؛ گروه با حساسیت بالای سیستم جنگ-گریز-انجماد نمرات بالاتری در حافظه ­آینده­نگر و حافظه عمومی داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیش­فعالی و کم فعالی سیستم­های مغزی/رفتاری می­تواند رابطه نزدیکی با توانایی حافظه و سایر توانایی­های شناختی داشته باشد. به نظر می­رسد توانایی­های شناختی می­تواند تحت تاثیر سیستم­های مغزی مرتبط با حساسیت به تقویت قرار گرفته و به این وسیله کارکردهای شناختی تغییر یابند.




کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Study of Retrospective, Prospective memory and cognitive ability according to the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality: Behavior Approach and Behavioral inhibition

نویسنده English

Sohrab Amiri
چکیده English

The aim of the present study was to investigate prospective and retrospective memory and cognitive ability in three groups of personality based on reinforcement sensitivity theory. For this purpose, first, 358 students Bu Ali Sina university were selected through a multistage cluster sampling. Then Brain / behavioral Systems questionnaire were distributed among them to be answered. After initial data analysis, 51 of them, based on cluster analysis in Brain / behavioral Systems questionnaire were selected, in order to test the hypothesis of this study, participants were studied in dimensions of prospective and retrospective memory and cognitive ability. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive indicators, multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc tests. Results showed significant difference between three personality groups in memory and cognitive ability. So that, group with high behavioral inhibition system sensitivity have better performance in components of retrospective memory, prospective memory, general memory and ability of naming; group with high sensitivity of fight-flight-freeze system have higher scores in prospective memory and general memory. The results showed that more active and less active of brain/ behavioral systems may be in close relation with memory and other cognitive abilities. It seems that cognitive abilities can to be influenced by the brain systems associated with reinforcement sensitivity and thereby cognitive functions changed.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Behavioral Activation System
Behavioral Inhibition System
cognitive ability
retrospective and prospective memory
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