تغییرهای تحولی در ظرفیت و مولفه های حافظه کاری بر اساس الگوی بدلی

نویسندگان
روح الله شهابی 1
جواد کاوسیان 2
سعید اکبری زردخانه 3
نسترن رضایی 4
1 گروه روان شناسی پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
2 دانشگاه خوارزمی
3 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
4 بیمارستان روزبه
چکیده
چکیده

حافظه کاری یک نظام شناختی جامع است که دربرگیرنده مکانیسم های حافظه ای و مکانیسم های توجهی است و به همین دلیل در مطالعه نظام مند مشکلات شناختی می تواند به کار گرفته شود. بر این اساس هدف از پژوهش حاضر شناسایی تغییرات تحولی ظرفیت و مولفه های حافظه کاری در کودکان شامل حلقه واج شناختی، لوح دیداری فضایی و اجرایی مرکزی (بازداری و به روزرسانی) بر اساس الگوی بدلی بوده است. یک نمونه 356 نفر (184 دختر و 172 پسر) از کودکان 8 و 12 ساله دبستان های شهر تهران به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی مرحله ای انتخاب شدند. برای سنجش ظرفیت حافظه کاری از تکلیف فراخنای وارونه اعداد، برای سنجش حلقه واج شناختی، لوح دیداری فضایی و اجرایی مرکزی به ترتیب از تکالیف فراخنای مستقیم اعداد، حافظه دیداری کیم کاراد و دو تکلیف استروپ و نگه‌داشتن رد استفاده شده است. نتایج تحلیل واریانس چندگانه نشان داده است هم ظرفیت حافظه کاری و هم مولفه های آن به‌موازات افزایش سن ظرفیت و کارایی بیشتری نشان می دهند. مهارت بیشتر در توانایی های عددی، انعطاف در انجام وظایف اندوزشی و پردازشی، تجربه سال های بیشتر تحصیل مدرسه ای و استفاده موثرتر از راهبردهای فراشناختی می تواند دلایل احتمالی یافته های پژوهش باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ظرفیت حافظه کاری
کارکردهای اجرایی
بازداری
بروز رسانی توجه

عنوان مقاله English

Developmental Change in Working Memory Capacity and its Components

نویسندگان English

Rohollah Shahabi 1
javad Kavusian 2
saeid Akbari Zardkhaneh 3
nastaran Rezae 4
1 Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Ruzbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English



Abstract

Working memory is the comprehensive cognitive system that embedded attentional and memorial mechanisms and therefore can be used in systematic research of cognitive problems. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the developmental changes of working memory capacity, and its components, including phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive (inhibition and updating). A total of 356 children (8 and 12 years) recruited from primary school in Tehran were selected and tested. Digit Span, and the Kim Karad Visual Memory Test were used for measuring phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad. Working memory capacity was measured by Backward Digit Span, and finally, the Stroop Task, and the Keep Track task measured central executive. Data analyzing showed as child growth, working memory and its components become more effective. More skills in arithmetic abilities, more flexibility in storage and processing, more experience in academic achievement and more use of metacognitive strategies can be possible reasons for the results of this study.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Working memory capacity
Executive Functions
shifting
updating attention
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