رابطه ساختاری خلاقیت و خردمندی در گروهی از دانشجویان دانشگاه شیراز

نویسندگان
دانشگاه شیراز
چکیده


این پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطه ساختاری میان خلاقیت و خردمندی انجام گرفت. شرکت کنندگان تعداد 268 نفر (135 مرد، 133 زن) از دانشجویان دانشگاه شیراز بودند که به روش خوشه‌ای تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند و آزمون خلاقیت و مقیاس خودسنجی خردمندی را تکمیل نمودند. داده‌ها با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها بیانگر ارتباط مثبت و معنی‌دار بین ابعاد خلاقیت (سیالی، انعطاف‌پذیری و ابتکار) و مولفه‌های خردمندی (تجربیات مهم زندگی، تنظیم هیجانی، تاملی بودن، شوخ‌طبعی و گشودگی به تجربه) بود. نتایج حاصل از مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که خلاقیت اثر مثبت و معنی‌دار بر خردمندی (001/0p< ، 51/0=β) دارد و می­تواند 26 درصد از واریانس خردمندی را تبیین نماید. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش پیشنهاد می­شود با توجه به اینکه خردمندی از طریق خلاقیت قابل پیش‌بینی است؛ متولیان تعلیم و تربیت با فراهم آوردن محیط‌های آموزشی غنی به پرورش تفکر خلاق پرداخته و در نهایت افراد خردمندی را وارد جامعه سازند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Structural Relationship between Creativity and Wisdom among a group of Shiraz University Students

نویسندگان English

roghaye ghorbani
faride Yousefi
Shiraz university
چکیده English

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between creativity and wisdom. Participants were 268 (133 women, 135 men) undergraduate students of Shiraz University which were chosen via random multi-stage cluster sampling method. They completed creativity test and self-report wisdom scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the structural equation modeling technique. The results indicated that there was a positive correlation between creativity facets (fluency, flexibility, and originality) and wisdom components (sense of humor, emotional regulation, reflectiveness, openness to experience, and critical life experiences). The result of structural equation modeling showed that creativity had a significance positive effect (β=0.51, p<0.001) on wisdom and can explain 26% of the variances for wisdom. According to the research findings, it can be suggested that as wisdom can be predicted by creativity, educational administers and scholars can train creativity by providing rich environments and raise wise individuals.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

creativity
Students
wisdom
Antonakis, J., Cianciolo, A. T., & Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Leadership: Past, present, and future. In J. Antonkis., A. T. Cianciolo., & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.). The nature of leadership, 3-15.
Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale. Research on Aging, 25(3), 275-324.
Ardelt, M. (2011). Wisdom, age, and well-being. In K. W. Schaie & S. L. Willis (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. AP: Academic Press
Asadi, S. (2015). Charecteristic of wisdom base on implicit theories. Positive Psychology Research, 1(1), 51-61. [Persian].
Auzmendi, E., Villa, A., & Abedi, J. (1996). Reliability and validity of a newly-constructed multiple-choice creativity instrument. Creativity Research, 9 (1), 1-15. [Persian].
Baltes, P. B., & Kunzmann, U. (2004). The two faces of wisdom: Wisdom as a general theory of knowledge and judgment about excellence in mind and virtue vs. wisdom as everyday realization in people and product. Human Development, 47, 290–299.
Baltes, P. B., & Staudinger, U. M. (2000). Wisdom: A meta-heuristic (pragmatic) to orchestrate mind and virtue toward excellence. American Psychologist, 55, 122–136.
Buontempo, G. (2005) .Emotional Intelligence and Decision Making: The Impact on Judgment Bias. Dissertation Abstracts International Section B. The Sciences and Engineering, 66(5-B), 2863.
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Reichenbacher, L. (2008). Effects of personality and threat of evaluation on divergent and convergent thinking. Research in Personality, 42(4), 1095–1101.
Cheraghi, F., Kadivar, P., Asgari, A., Farzad, V. (2015). The concepts of wisdom based on two different theoretical approaches: A canonical correlation. Advances in Cognitive Science. 17(3), 47-54. [Persian].
Dareh-Zereshki, N., Barzegar, K., Zandvaniyan, A. (2017). Examining the effectiveness of teaching philosophy on the way community of inquiry on critical thinking and its’ dimensions of female students in fifth grade. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 66-76. [Persian].
Donoghue, C. (2003). Make the most of your mind by thinking further. New Zealand Management, 50(1), 60-61.
Eysenck, M. W. (2000). Cognitive Psychology: A student’s handbook. New York: Psychology Press Ltd.
Furnham, A., Crump, J., Batey, M., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). Personality and ability predictors of the “consequences” test of divergent thinking in a large nonstudent sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 536-540.
Ghorbani, R. (2017). Explaining wisdom on the basis of personality traits and successful intelligence with the mediating of ethic (patience) and coping self‌-efficacy. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Shiraz University [Persian].
Ghorbani, R., & Khormaie, F. (2016). Explaining wisdom on the basis of successful intelligence and coping self-efficacy. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 13(49), 43-55. [Persian].
Greene, J. A., & Brown, S. C. (2009). The wisdom development scale: Further validity investigations. International Aging & Human Development, 68 (4), 289-320.
Grossmann, I., Sahdra, B. K., & Ciarrochi, J. (2016). A heart and a mind: Self-distancing facilitates the association between heart rate variability, and wise reasoning. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10(68), 1-10.
Hashemi, S. (2009). Investigation of relationship between emotional intelligence and creativity in college students of art, literature and basic sciences. New Thoughts on Education, 5(2), 79-103
Hashemi, S. (2010). Investigating the quality of wisdom-related knowledge of students and its role in real life problem solving. New thoughs of Education, 7(2), 53-82. [Persian].
Helson, R., & Srivastava, S. (2002). Creative and wise people: Similarities, Differences, and How They Develop. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 4(1), 53-68.
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th Ed.), New York: The Guilford Press.
Kord noghabi, R. (2017). Wisdom of psychology. Tehran: Arjmand.
Kunzmann, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2003). Wisdom-related knowledge: affective, motivational, and interpersonal correlates. Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 1104–1119.
Labouvie-Vief, G. (2003). Dynamic integration: affect, cognition, and the self in adulthood. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 201-206.
Le, T. N. (2008). Cultural values, life experiences, and wisdom. Aging and Human Development, 66 (4), 259-281.
Lubart, T. L. (2001). Models of the creative process: past, present, and future. Creativity Research, 13, 295-308.
Marrapodi, J. (2003). Critical thinking and creativity overview and comparison of the theories. Retrieved February 21, 2013, Available at: http: //www.applestar.org/capella/CRITICAL %20 THINKING % 20 AND %20 CREATIVITY.pdf.
Meyers, C. (1986). Teaching students to think critically. p. xi.
Saville, G. (2006). Emotional intelligence in policing. The police chief, LXXIII, Alexendria, VA, 29-49.
Schmit, D, E., Muldoon, J., & Pounders, K. (2012). What is wisdom? The development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 9(2), 39-54.
Seif, A. (2016). Educational Psychology. Tehran: Aghah. [Persian].
Shahsavari, A. M., Hakimi, K, M., Alirezaloo, N., & Sattari, K. (2015). Teaching for wisdom as a strategy to improve quality of life and aggregate social capital. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological sciences
Soleimani, N., & Tebyanian, E. (2011). A study of the relationship between principals' creativity and degree of environmental happiness in Semnan high schools. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1869- 1876.
Staudinger, U. M., & Glück, J. (2010). Wisdom and intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg, & S. B. Kaufman. (Eds.), Handbook of intelligence, New York: Cambridge University. Press
Staudinger, U. M., & Glück, J. (2011). Intelligence and Wisdom. In R. J. Stenberg & S. B. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of intelligence (pp. 827-846). Cambridge University Press.
Staudinger, U. M., Dorner, J., & Mickler, C. (2005). Wisdom and personality. In R. J., Sternberg (Ed.), Wisdom: Psychological Perspectives, 191–219. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. (2001). Why schools should teach for wisdom: the balance theory of wisdom in educational settings. Educational Psychology, 36, 227–245.
Sternberg, R. J. (1990). Wisdom and its relations to intelligence and creativity. In R., J. Sternberg (Ed.), Wisdom: Its Nature, Origins, and Development. Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). WICS: A theory of wisdom, intelligence, and creativity, synthesized. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (2008). The WICS approach to leadership: Stories of leadership and the structures and processes that support them. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 360-371.
Sternberg, R. J., & Jordan, J. (Eds.) (2005) Handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University. Press.
Torrance, E. P., & Goff, K. (1990). Fostering academic creativity in gifted students. The Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC).
Vincent, A. H., Decker, B. P., & Mumford, M. D. (2002). Divergent thinking, intelligence, and expertise: A test of alternative models. Creativity Research, 14, 163-178.
Walsh, R., & Reams, J. (2015). Studies of Wisdom: A special issue of integral review. Integral Review, 11(2), 1-6.
Webster, J. D. (2003). An exploratory analysis of a self-assessed wisdom scale. Adulthood Development, 10, 13–22.
Webster, J. D. (2007). Measuring the character strength of wisdom. Aging Human Development, 65,163–183.
Webster, J. D. (2010). Wisdom and positive psychosocial values in young adulthood. Adult Development, 17, 70- 80.
Webster, J. D., Westerhof, G. I., & Bohlmeijer, E, T. (2012). Wisdom and mental health across the lifespan. The Journals of Gerontology, 69(2), 209-218
Wolk, S. (2008). Joy in school. The Positive Classroom, 66(1), 8-15.
Yang, S. Y. (2011). Wisdom displayed through leadership: Exploring leadership-related wisdoAntonakis, J., Cianciolo, A. T., & Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Leadership: Past, present, and future. In J. Antonkis., A. T. Cianciolo., & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.). The nature of leadership, 3-15.
Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale. Research on Aging, 25(3), 275-324.
Ardelt, M. (2011). Wisdom, age, and well-being. In K. W. Schaie & S. L. Willis (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. AP: Academic Press
Asadi, S. (2015). Charecteristic of wisdom base on implicit theories. Positive Psychology Research, 1(1), 51-61. [Persian].
Auzmendi, E., Villa, A., & Abedi, J. (1996). Reliability and validity of a newly-constructed multiple-choice creativity instrument. Creativity Research, 9 (1), 1-15. [Persian].
Baltes, P. B., & Kunzmann, U. (2004). The two faces of wisdom: Wisdom as a general theory of knowledge and judgment about excellence in mind and virtue vs. wisdom as everyday realization in people and product. Human Development, 47, 290–299.
Baltes, P. B., & Staudinger, U. M. (2000). Wisdom: A meta-heuristic (pragmatic) to orchestrate mind and virtue toward excellence. American Psychologist, 55, 122–136.
Buontempo, G. (2005) .Emotional Intelligence and Decision Making: The Impact on Judgment Bias. Dissertation Abstracts International Section B. The Sciences and Engineering, 66(5-B), 2863.
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Reichenbacher, L. (2008). Effects of personality and threat of evaluation on divergent and convergent thinking. Research in Personality, 42(4), 1095–1101.
Cheraghi, F., Kadivar, P., Asgari, A., Farzad, V. (2015). The concepts of wisdom based on two different theoretical approaches: A canonical correlation. Advances in Cognitive Science. 17(3), 47-54. [Persian].
Dareh-Zereshki, N., Barzegar, K., Zandvaniyan, A. (2017). Examining the effectiveness of teaching philosophy on the way community of inquiry on critical thinking and its’ dimensions of female students in fifth grade. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 66-76. [Persian].
Donoghue, C. (2003). Make the most of your mind by thinking further. New Zealand Management, 50(1), 60-61.
Eysenck, M. W. (2000). Cognitive Psychology: A student’s handbook. New York: Psychology Press Ltd.
Furnham, A., Crump, J., Batey, M., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). Personality and ability predictors of the “consequences” test of divergent thinking in a large nonstudent sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 536-540.
Ghorbani, R. (2017). Explaining wisdom on the basis of personality traits and successful intelligence with the mediating of ethic (patience) and coping self‌-efficacy. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Shiraz University [Persian].
Ghorbani, R., & Khormaie, F. (2016). Explaining wisdom on the basis of successful intelligence and coping self-efficacy. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 13(49), 43-55. [Persian].
Greene, J. A., & Brown, S. C. (2009). The wisdom development scale: Further validity investigations. International Aging & Human Development, 68 (4), 289-320.
Grossmann, I., Sahdra, B. K., & Ciarrochi, J. (2016). A heart and a mind: Self-distancing facilitates the association between heart rate variability, and wise reasoning. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10(68), 1-10.
Hashemi, S. (2009). Investigation of relationship between emotional intelligence and creativity in college students of art, literature and basic sciences. New Thoughts on Education, 5(2), 79-103
Hashemi, S. (2010). Investigating the quality of wisdom-related knowledge of students and its role in real life problem solving. New thoughs of Education, 7(2), 53-82. [Persian].
Helson, R., & Srivastava, S. (2002). Creative and wise people: Similarities, Differences, and How They Develop. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 4(1), 53-68.
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th Ed.), New York: The Guilford Press.
Kord noghabi, R. (2017). Wisdom of psychology. Tehran: Arjmand.
Kunzmann, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2003). Wisdom-related knowledge: affective, motivational, and interpersonal correlates. Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 1104–1119.
Labouvie-Vief, G. (2003). Dynamic integration: affect, cognition, and the self in adulthood. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 201-206.
Le, T. N. (2008). Cultural values, life experiences, and wisdom. Aging and Human Development, 66 (4), 259-281.
Lubart, T. L. (2001). Models of the creative process: past, present, and future. Creativity Research, 13, 295-308.
Marrapodi, J. (2003). Critical thinking and creativity overview and comparison of the theories. Retrieved February 21, 2013, Available at: http: //www.applestar.org/capella/CRITICAL %20 THINKING % 20 AND %20 CREATIVITY.pdf.
Meyers, C. (1986). Teaching students to think critically. p. xi.
Saville, G. (2006). Emotional intelligence in policing. The police chief, LXXIII, Alexendria, VA, 29-49.
Schmit, D, E., Muldoon, J., & Pounders, K. (2012). What is wisdom? The development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 9(2), 39-54.
Seif, A. (2016). Educational Psychology. Tehran: Aghah. [Persian].
Shahsavari, A. M., Hakimi, K, M., Alirezaloo, N., & Sattari, K. (2015). Teaching for wisdom as a strategy to improve quality of life and aggregate social capital. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological sciences
Soleimani, N., & Tebyanian, E. (2011). A study of the relationship between principals' creativity and degree of environmental happiness in Semnan high schools. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1869- 1876.
Staudinger, U. M., & Glück, J. (2010). Wisdom and intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg, & S. B. Kaufman. (Eds.), Handbook of intelligence, New York: Cambridge University. Press
Staudinger, U. M., & Glück, J. (2011). Intelligence and Wisdom. In R. J. Stenberg & S. B. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of intelligence (pp. 827-846). Cambridge University Press.
Staudinger, U. M., Dorner, J., & Mickler, C. (2005). Wisdom and personality. In R. J., Sternberg (Ed.), Wisdom: Psychological Perspectives, 191–219. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. (2001). Why schools should teach for wisdom: the balance theory of wisdom in educational settings. Educational Psychology, 36, 227–245.
Sternberg, R. J. (1990). Wisdom and its relations to intelligence and creativity. In R., J. Sternberg (Ed.), Wisdom: Its Nature, Origins, and Development. Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). WICS: A theory of wisdom, intelligence, and creativity, synthesized. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (2008). The WICS approach to leadership: Stories of leadership and the structures and processes that support them. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 360-371.
Sternberg, R. J., & Jordan, J. (Eds.) (2005) Handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University. Press.
Torrance, E. P., & Goff, K. (1990). Fostering academic creativity in gifted students. The Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC).
Vincent, A. H., Decker, B. P., & Mumford, M. D. (2002). Divergent thinking, intelligence, and expertise: A test of alternative models. Creativity Research, 14, 163-178.
Walsh, R., & Reams, J. (2015). Studies of Wisdom: A special issue of integral review. Integral Review, 11(2), 1-6.
Webster, J. D. (2003). An exploratory analysis of a self-assessed wisdom scale. Adulthood Development, 10, 13–22.
Webster, J. D. (2007). Measuring the character strength of wisdom. Aging Human Development, 65,163–183.
Webster, J. D. (2010). Wisdom and positive psychosocial values in young adulthood. Adult Development, 17, 70- 80.
Webster, J. D., Westerhof, G. I., & Bohlmeijer, E, T. (2012). Wisdom and mental health across the lifespan. The Journals of Gerontology, 69(2), 209-218
Wolk, S. (2008). Joy in school. The Positive Classroom, 66(1), 8-15.
Yang, S. Y. (2011). Wisdom displayed through leadership: Exploring leadership-related wisdo