Computational modeling of dynamic decision making using connectionist networks

Authors
1 IRICSS
2 Kharazmi University
3 Aja University, Teharan, Iran.
Abstract
In this research connectionist modeling of decision making has been presented. Important areas for decision making in the brain are thalamus, prefrontal cortex and Amygdala. Connectionist modeling with 3 parts representative for these 3 areas is made based the result of Iowa Gambling Task. In many researches Iowa Gambling Task is used to study emotional decision making. In these kind of decision making the role of Amygdala is so important and we expect that a model with two parts (thalamus and Amygdala) can have the best result in modeling participants decisions without considering any part for cortex process. For this purpose 56 participants composed of 20 men and 36 women wanted to do Iowa Gambling Task. Results show that the networks related to two parts model predict 62.57 Percent’s of participant’s decisions and the 3parts model has 68.46 Percent’s of that. In conclusion it can be said that three parts modeling has been more success than mathematical two parts model in predicting the performance of participants and the difference is significant. In other words cortex role in this kind of decision making is quite important.
Keywords

Bargh, J. A., & Ferguson, M. J. (2000). Beyond behaviorism: on the automaticity of higher mental processes. Psychological bulletin, 126(6), 925.
Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50(1-3), 7-15.
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (2003). Role of the amygdala in decision‐making. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 985(1), 356-369.
Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes’ error: Emotion, rationality and the human brain.
de Visser, L., Homberg, J., Mitsogiannis, M., Zeeb, F., Rivalan, M., Fitoussi, A., . . . Dellu-Hagedorn, F. (2011). Rodent versions of the iowa gambling task: opportunities and challenges for the understanding of decision-making. Frontiers in neuroscience, 5, 109.
Evans, J. S. B. (2003). In two minds: dual-process accounts of reasoning. Trends in cognitive sciences, 7(10), 454-459.
Fodor, J. A., & Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1988). Connectionism and cognitive architecture: A critical analysis. Cognition, 28(1-2), 3-71.
Gray, J. R., Braver, T. S., & Raichle, M. E. (2002). Integration of emotion and cognition in the lateral prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(6), 4115-4120.
Hansen, N. (2006). The CMA evolution strategy: a comparing review Towards a new evolutionary computation (pp. 75-102): Springer.
Levine, D. S., Mills, B., & Estrada, S. (2005). Modeling emotional influences on human decision making under risk. Paper presented at the Neural Networks, 2005. IJCNN'05. Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on.
O'reilly, R. C. (2006). Biologically based computational models of high-level cognition. Science, 314(5796), 91-94.
Serrano, J. I., Iglesias, Á., & del Castillo, M. D. (2017). Plausibility validation of a decision making model using subjects’ explanations of decisions. Biologically inspired cognitive architectures, 20, 1-9.
Sloman, S. A. (1996). The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological bulletin, 119(1), 3.
Turnbull, O. H., Bowman, C., Shanker, S., & Davies, J. (2014). Emotion-based learning: insights from the Iowa Gambling Task. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 162.
Wagar, B. M., & Thagard, P. (2004). Spiking Phineas Gage: a neurocomputational theory of cognitive-affective integration in decision making. Psychological review, 111(1), 67.
Yechiam, E., Busemeyer, J. R., Stout, J. C., & Bechara, A. (2005). Using cognitive models to map relations between neuropsychological disorders and human decision-making deficits. Psychological Science, 16(12), 973-978.