مقایسه فراخنای ارقام در کودکان با و بدون اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی

نویسندگان
شهروز نعمتی 1
حمید علیزاده 2
مرضیه بااطمینان 3
1 دانشگاه تبریز
2 سازمان مربوطه
3 دانشگاه بیرجند
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر فراخنای ارقام را در بین کودکان اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی و عادی مورد بررسی قرار داده است. طرح پژوهش از نوع علی-مقایسه­ای بود و جامعه پژوهش را دانش­آموزان مقطع ابتدایی پایه چهارم و پنجم تشکیل می­دادند. برای این منظور، 60 دانش­آموز مقطع ابتدایی با میانگین سنی بین 83/10 که تعداد 30 نفر دارای اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی که از طریق مقیاس گلدستین غربال شدند به صورت نمونه­گیری هدفمند دردسترس از مراکز اختلال یادگیری و 30 نفر دانش آموز عادی به صورت نمونه­گیری تصادفی ساده در سال 1395 در شهر تهران انتخاب شدند و خرده مقیاس فراخنای ارقام وکسلر کودکان بر روی آن­ها انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمون من ویتنی­یو نشان داد که بین دو گروه کودکان اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی و کودکان عادی تفاوت معناداری از لحاظ حافظه عددی مستقیم و حافظه عددی معکوس وجود دارد، بدین ترتیب که کودکان گروه عادی از لحاظ فراخنای حافظه عملکرد بهتری نسبت به کودکان گروه اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی دارند . هم­چنین نتایج آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که کودکان عادی نسبت به کودکان دارای اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی در سطح بالاتری از نظر نمره فراخنای ارقام قرار دارند. معنی دار بودن تفاوت بین دو گروه کودکان اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی و کودکان عادی از لحاظ فراخنای ارقام هم در حافظه عددی مستقیم و هم در حافظه عددی معکوس شواهد روان­شناختی خوبی را در تایید یافته­های پژوهشی مربوط به نارسایی­های حافظه کاری در حوزه نارسایی­های تحولی از جمله اختلا­ل­های یادگیری غیرکلامی فراهم ­کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اختلال‌های یادگیری غیرکلامی
فراخنای ارقام
دانش‌آموزان

عنوان مقاله English

Digit Span in Children with and Without Nonverbal Learning Disorders

نویسندگان English

Shahrooz Nemati 1
Marzyeh Baetminan 3
3 M.A. Exceptional Child Education .Birjand University.
چکیده English

The aim of current research was to study digit span in students with and without nonverbal learning disorders. Methods:In this ex post facto research, the sample included the students with and without nonverbal learning disorders. For this purpose, sixty preschool children ageing 10/83 years included 30 students with nonverbal learning disorders who screened by the Goldstein Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Scale by means To fulfill the stated goal sampling and 30 typical male students by simple random sampling who live in the city of Tehran in the years 2014 and 2015 were selected and the digit span subtest in working memory index in WISC-IV were used to gather the data. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed that there is a significant difference between two groups in forward and backward digit span, thus the typical children have an outstanding performance rather than nonverbal learning disordersIn comparison of two groups, a t-test’s statistical significance revealed that the typical children have an outstanding performance in digit span as well. The training of short-term and working memory strategy are needed to children with nonverbal learning disorders.

the significant difference between the two groups of children with nonverbal learning disabilities and normal children in digit span in both in forward and backward digit span memory provided sufficient psychological evidence in support of research findings related to working memory deficits toward developmental disabilities and nonverbal learning disorders as well.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Digit span
Nonverbal learning disorders
children
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