اثربخشی توانبخشی شناختی مبتنی بر بسته «آرام» بر بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی توجه انتخابی، کنترل بازداری و حافظه‌کاری در سالمندان مبتلا به اختلال شناختی خفیف

نویسندگان
ندا نظربلند
آمنه طهماسی
وحید نجاتی
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر توانبخشی شناختی بر بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی توجه­‌انتخابی، کنترل­ بازداری و حافظه­ کاری سالمندان مبتلا به اختلال شناختی خفیف بود. این مطالعه تجربی به صورت مورد ­منفرد و از نوع A-B بود که در آن که تعداد 6 نفر سالمند (4 زن و 2 مرد) مبتلا به اختلال­ شناختی ­خفیف با میانگین سنی 62 سال، از طریق نمونه­ گیری در دسترس هدفمند انتخاب و به روش تصادفی ­ساده در دو گروه کنترل(3n=) و آزمایش (3n=) جایگذاری گردیدند. ارزیابی توجه ­انتخابی، کنترل­ بازداری و حافظه­ کاری به ­­ترتیب با آزمون­های «استروپ»، «برو/ نرو» و «یک محرک قبل» صورت پذیرفت و برنامه توانبخشی «آرام» طی 10 جلسه فردی یک ­ساعته برای گروه آزمایش ارائه گردید. برای هر آزمودنی­ گروه آزمایشی 6 ارزیابی (قبل، حین، بلافاصله بعد از اتمام و دو ماه پس از خاتمه مداخله) انجام شد و گروه کنترل نیز همزمان بدون دریافت هرگونه مداخله­ ای ارزیابی ­شدند. استفاده از تحلیل ­دیداری نشان داد نمرات گروه آزمایش در هر­سه آزمون کارکرد­اجرایی، در طی ارزیابی­ های خلال مداخله رو به افزایش بوده است؛ اما نمرات گروه کنترل تغییر چشم­گیری نداشته ­است. همچنین پی­گیری دو ماهه نیز نشان از ثبات اثر مداخله در گروه آزمایش ­داشت. می­توان اظهار داشت این برنامه توانبخشی شناختی باعث بهبود کارکردهای توجه ­انتخابی، کنترل بازداری و حافظه ­کاری در سالمندان دارای اختلال ­شناختی ­خفیف شده ­است. نظر به وجود قراین مبنی بر احتمال تبدیل اختلال­ شناختی­ خفیف به اختلالات شناختی عمیق‌تر نظیر آلزایمر، یافته­ هایی این­چنین، می­توانند موید امکان کمک ­گرفتن از تکنولوژی، در راستای بهبود کارکردهای شناختی سالمندان مبتلا به اختلال­ شناختی­ خفیف با صرف هزینه­‌های کمتر درمانی باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اختلال شناختی خفیف
توانبخشی شناختی
توجه انتخابی
حافظه‌کاری
کارکردهای اجرایی
کنترل بازداری

عنوان مقاله English

Effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation based on “ARAM” program in improving executive functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working memory in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment

نویسندگان English

Neda Nazarboland
Ameneh Tahmasi
Vahid Nejati
Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده English

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, on improving the executive functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working mwmory in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. This experimental study was a Single Subject of type A-B, which 6 elderly (4 women and 2 men) with an average age of 62 years old were selected via purposeful convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of control (n=3) and experimental (n=3). The evaluation of selective attention and inhibitory control was done using Stroop, Go/NO Go and N-back tests, and the "ARAM" rehabilitation program was presented in 10 one-hour personal sessions for each experimental group subjective. All subjective in both groups was evaluated 6 times (before, during, just after and 2 months following the intervention) and also control group were evaluated simultaneously without receiving any interventions. Using visual analysis, collected data revealed that the scores of both tests of executive functions in experimental group, were steadily increased all through intervention, while the control group scores’ did not make significant changes. Also, two-month follow-up evaluations showed a stable improvement in executive functions of the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation based on ARAM program has improved the functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working memory in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. As there are many documentaries suggesting possibility of leading mild cognitive impairment to more serious cognitive disabilities such as Alzheimer’s disease, such findings can confirm possibility of improving cognitive functions of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment with, with lower therapeutic costs applying the help of technology

کلیدواژه‌ها English

cognitive rehabilitation
inhibitory control
mild cognitive impairment
Selective attention
working memory
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