مقایسۀ اثربخشی تفکر واگرا و تفکر استعاره‌ای به عنوان دو روش خلاق بر تفکر انتقادی زبان‌آموزان انگلیسی

نویسندگان
سارا برغول
نسرین حدیدی تمجید
توران آهور
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
چکیده
خلاقیت می­تواند نقش مهمی در دنیای امروز و به‌خصوص حیطۀ آموزش ایفا کند. استفاده از روش‌های خلاقانه در آموزش، می­تواند در رویارویی با شرایط پر­استرس به دانش آموزان کمک کند و باعث ارتقاء در یادگیری شود؛ ولی متأسفانه در سیستم‌های آموزشی بهای اندکی به خلاقیت داده می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی دو روش تفکر واگرا و تفکر استعاره­ای به عنوان روش‌های خلاقیت بر تفکر انتقادی در زبان‌آموزان انگلیسی انجام شد. این پژوهش مطالعه‌ای آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل است. جامعۀ پژوهش حاضر شامل دانشجویان کلاس­های تافل در جهاد دانشگاهی دانشگاه تبریز بودند و حجم نمونه بر اساس روش پژوهش 45 نفر انتخاب گردید و برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامۀ تفکر انتقادیِ هانی و جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده­‌ها از روش تحلیلِ کوواریانس، استفاده شد. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن بود که گرچه نمرۀ تفکر انتقادی در گروه تفکر واگرا از نمرۀ گروه تفکر استعاره‌ای بالاتر است، این تفاوت در سطح معنادار نبوده، اما هر دو روش در بهبود تفکر انتقادی در سطح معنادار اثربخش بودند. اگرچه نیاز به مطالعات بیشتری در این زمینه است تا بتوان تأثیر خلاقیت بر تفکر انتقادی را بهتر و عمیق­تر درک کرد، اما تحقیق حاضر بیان می­کند که استفاده از روش‌های خلاقانه می­تواند باعث افزایش خلاقیت و همچنین تفکر انتقادی در فراگیران شده و معلمان می­توانند از هر دو روش خلاقیت در آموزش زبان انگلیسی استفاده نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تفکر استعاره‌ای
تفکر انتقادی
تفکر واگرا
خلاقیت

عنوان مقاله English

Comparing the Effectiveness of Divergent Thinking and Metaphorical Thinking as two Creative Methods on EFL Learners' Critical Thinking

نویسندگان English

Sara Barghool
Nasrin Hadidi Tamjid
Tooran Ahour
English Department, Tabriz branch, Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Creativity can play an important role in today's world, and especially in education. Using innovative approaches in teaching can help students cope with stressful situations and learn better and deeper but unfortunately, little value is given to creativity. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of divergent thinking and metaphorical thinking as creativity-training methods on critical thinking among English learners. The present study is an experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population consisted of 45 TOEFL students in Jahade Daneshgahi in Tabriz University. The data were collected using Honey Critical Thinking Questionnaire, and for the data analysis covariance analysis was used. The results showed that although the critical thinking score in the divergent thinking group was higher than the metaphorical thinking score, this difference was not significant, but both methods were effective in enhancing students' critical thinking. Although more studies are needed to better understand and deepen the impact of creativity on critical thinking, the present study suggests that the use of creative methods can increase the sense of innovation and creativity and critical thinking in learners. Also teachers can use both creativity-training methods in teaching English

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Metaphorical Thinking
Critical thinking
Divergent Thinking
creativity
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