اثر سن و سطح مهارت بر توانایی چرخش ذهنی دختران شناگر

نویسندگان
نجمه فرهمند
مجید چهارده چریک
ربابه رستمی
گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثر سن و سطح مهارت برگشت سالتو بر توانایی چرخش ذهنی دختران شناگر بود. این پژوهش به‌صورت علی مقایسه‌ای و با طرح تک‌مرحله‌ای و پس­رویدادی انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش شناگران دختر شهرستان شیراز که مهارت برگشت سالتو را آموزش‌دیده بودند. از بین آن‌ها به­‌روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند 60 آزمودنی انتخاب و سپس در چهار گروه (هفت تا نه سال با مهارت پایین، هفت تا نه سال با مهارت بالا، 10 تا 12 سال با مهارت پایین و 10 تا12 سال با مهارت بالا) قرار گرفتند. سطح مهارت سالتو براساس میانگین نمره سه داور تعیین گردید. برای اندازه‌گیری چرخش ذهنی از آزمون قلم و کاغذ تصویری (با پایایی 75/0 به­روش آلفای کرونباخ) استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که نمرات چرخش ذهنی بین گروه‌­های سنی اختلاف معنادار ندارد (0638/p=)؛ این در حالیست که نمرات چرخش ذهنی بین دو گروه سطح مهارت اختلاف معنادار نشان داد (0001/P=). نتایج حاکی از آن است که چرخش ­ذهنی با سطوح مهارت متفاوت تغییر می­کند. بنابراین احتمالاً می­توان ویژگی­‌های ذهنی ورزشکاران از جمله چرخش ­ذهنی را با استفاده از تمرینات مهارتی تغییر داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
چرخش ذهنی
سن
سطح مهارت
شنا

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Age and Levels of Skill on Mental Rotation among Female Swimmers

نویسندگان English

najmeh farahmand
majid . Chehardahcheric
robabe Rostami
Department of Sport Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده English

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age and swimmers’ levels of somersaults skills on mental rotation. This study was conducted as a comparative causal research with a one-stage and post-event design. Participants were female swimmers in Shiraz, who were trained in somersaults. Sixty subjects were selected by the purposive sampling method and then divided into four groups (a group of 7 to 9-year-olds with low skills, a group of 7 to 9-year-olds with high skills, a group of 10 to 12-year-olds with low skills, and a group of 10 to 12-year-olds with high skills). The salto skill level was determined based on the average score of three judges. To measure mental rotation, the pen and image paper test (with a reliability of 0.75 by Cronbach's alpha method) was used. The results showed that there was no significant difference in mental rotation scores between age groups (p = 0638). However, the scores of mental rotation showed a significant difference between the two groups of skill level (P = .0001). Moreover, mental rotation changed with different skill levels. Therefore, it is possible to change mental characteristics of athletes, including mental rotation by means of skill training.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Mental Rotation
age
Level Skill
Swimming
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