تحول تفکر آرزومندانه در کودکان و نوجوانان 7 تا 14 ساله ایرانی

نویسندگان
عین اله خجیر 1
رسول کردنوقابی 2
خسرو رشید 2
ابوالقاسم یعقوبی 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری روان شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
2 همدان، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، گروه روان شناسی
چکیده
پژوهش‌های متعددی به بررسی تفکر آرزومندانه یا سوگیری تمایل در کودکان و بزرگسالان پرداخته‌اند اما پژوهشی در مورد تحول تفکر آرزومندانه در سنین کودکی و نوجوانی انجام نشده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تحول تفکر آرزومندانه در کودکان و نوجوانان سنین 7 تا 14 سال ایرانی است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع مطالعات تحولی با روش مقطعی بود. جامعه آماری، کلیه دانش آموزان سنین 7 تا 14 سال مدارس عادی دولتی شهر آمل در سال تحصیلی 99-98 بود. حجم نمونه شامل 240 نفر در 4 گروه سنی(هر گروه شامل 30 دختر و 30 پسر) که با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس، انتخاب شدند. ابزار مورد استفاده، آزمون کارت علامت‌دار بود که به صورت نرم‌افزار تحت وب، طراحی شده بود. داده‌ها با روش تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر، تحلیل شدند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان دادند که تفکر آرزومندانه در کودکان و نوجوانان ایرانی نه تنها با افزایش سن کاهش نمی‌یابد بلکه افراد 14-11 سال در پیش‌بینی رویدادهای ناخوشایند، سوگیری شدیدتری نسبت به کودکان 10-7 نشان می‌دهند. با توجه به تأثیری که تفکر آرزومندانه در فرایند تصمیم‌گیری بویژه در پیش‌بینی رویدادهای منفی و به دنبال آن در بروز رفتارهای پرخطر دارد پژوهش بیشتر برای یافتن راهکارهایی برای آگاهی‌بخشی و متعادل‌سازی تفکر آرزومندانه، ضروری است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تفکر آرزومندانه
سوگیری تمایل
تحول
آزمون کارت علامت‌دار
رفتار‌های پرخطر

عنوان مقاله English

Development of Wishful Thinking among 7 to 14-year-old Iranian Children and Adolescents

نویسندگان English

Ainollah Khojir 1
Rasool Kordnoghabi 2
Khosro Rashid 2
Abolghasem Yaghoobi 2
1 Ph.D Student in Educational Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali sina university, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Hamedan, Bu-Ali sina university, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology
چکیده English

Several studies have investigated wishful thinking or desirability bias in children and adults, while no research has been conducted for the evolution of wishful thinking during childhood and adolescence. The aim of the present research was to investigate the evolution of wishful thinking in Iranian children and adolescents aged from 7 to 14. This study was an evolutional one with a cross-sectional method. Participants were all students aged from 7 to 14 in public schools in the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample consisted of 240 individuals in 4 age groups and each group was made up of 30 females and 30 males selected by the convenience sampling method. The marked-card test, which has been designed as a web-based software, was used. The data were analyzed by a repeated measuring ANOVA. The results showed that wishful thinking among Iranian children did not decrease with age. Moreover, participants aged from 11 to 14 years indicated more severe bias than children from 7 to 10 years old in predicting unpleasant events, despite the perception of probabilities. Considering the effect of wishful thinking on the decision-making process, especially in predicting negative events and subsequently the occurrence of risky behaviors, further research would be necessary to find solutions for the awareness and balance of wishful thinking.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Wishful Thinking
Desirability Bias
Development
Marked-card Test
Risky Behaviors
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