ساخت و اعتباریابی آزمون حافظه در کودکان پیش‌دبستانی

نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه آزاد
2 دانشگاه علامه
چکیده
یکی از توانایی‌های عالی مغز، حافظه است. ضعف حافظه دیداری-شنیداری منجر به اختلال خواندن، ریاضی و بیش‌فعالی می‌شود. بنابراین تدوین آزمونی جهت تشخیص توانمندی و کارایی دقیق حافظه ضروری می‌باشد. بر این اساس، آزمونی با استفاده از ادبیات نظری تهیه شده است. آزمون حافظه محقق ساخته از چهار بخش (حافظه عددی-کلامی، حافظه دیداری، حافظه کاری و حافظه شنیداری-جمله) تشکیل‌ شده و اعتبار محتوایی آن توسط اساتید روانشناسی شناختی و مشاوره تائید و سپس با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای تصادفی بر روی یک نمونه 308 نفری از دانش‌آموزان پیش‌‌دبستانی اجرا شد. سؤالات با روش آماری مناسب تحلیل و میزان اعتبار، پایایی و نمرات هنجار تعیین گردید. برای بررسی پایایی آزمون سه روش محاسبه گردید. ضریب پایایی با استفاده از روش همسانی درونی 83/0 به دست آمد و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بین دو نیمه پرسشنامه 79/0=r تعیین گردید که نشان‌دهنده این است که بین دو نیمه پرسشنامه مذکور همبستگی زیادی وجود دارد. برای تعیین اعتبار سازه و مؤلفه‌های تشکیل ‌دهنده پرسشنامه از روش تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی با چرخش به شیوه نرمال شده واریماکس استفاده شد و جهت بررسی اعتبار افتراقی از آزمون تی مستقل استفاده شد نتایج نشان داد که بین میانگین نمرات دانش‌آموزان دختر و پسر تفاوت معنی‌دار وجود دارد(001/0> p و 76/2= (204)t). با توجه به میزان پایایی و اعتبار به‌دست‌آمده، آزمون حافظه دیداری- شنیداری ابزاری است که می‌تواند مورداستفاده مراکز اختلالات و مشاوره قرار گیرد و به‌ عنوان ابزاری برای سنجش و تشخیص زود هنگام دانش‌آموزان پیش‌دبستانی استفاده شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Construction and validation of memory test in preschool children

نویسندگان English

marzieh gholami 1
Ali Delavar 2
1 Azad university
2 Allameh university
چکیده English

One great ability of the brain is memory. Poor visual-auditory memory leads to dyslexia, dyscalculia and hyperactivity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a test to determine the ability and accurate performance of memory. With this in mind, a test has been prepared using theoretical literature. This researcher-made memory test consists of four parts (numerical-verbal memory, visual memory, working memory and auditory-sentence memory) and its validity has been confirmed by professors of cognitive psychology and counselling in addition to using the random cluster sampling method on a sample of 308 elementary school students. The questions were analysed by relevant statistical methods and their validity, reliability and norm scores were determined. To evaluate the reliability of the test, three methods were used. The reliability coefficient was 0.83 using the internal consistency method and the Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to be r = 0.79 between the two halves of the questionnaire, which indicated that there was a high correlation between the two halves of the questionnaire. To determine the validity of the structure and components of the questionnaire, the principal component analysis method was used by rotation in the normalised Varimax method and to evaluate differential validity, an independent t-test was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of male and female students. (P < 0.001 and t (204) = 2.76). Based on the obtained reliability and validity, the audiovisual memory test is a tool that could be used by disorder and counselling centres. Moreover, it could be used as a tool for early assessment and diagnosis in the case of preschool students.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Auditory
Validation
Memory
Validity
Visual
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