مقایسه کارکردهای اجرایی و راهبردهای یادگیری در دانش‌آموزان اوتیستیک با عملکرد تحصیلی بالا و پایین

نویسندگان
دانشگاه علم و هنر
چکیده
اهمیت درک آسیبشناسی، طبیعت و درمان اختلال طیف اوتیسم در طی دوره مدرسه همیشه مورد تأکید بوده است. کودکان با اختلال طیف اوتیسم مشکلاتی را در استفاده اجتماعی از ارتباطلات کلامی و غیرکلامی دارند که باعث محدودیت عملکردی در ارتباطات موثر، مشارکت اجتماعی، ارتباط اجتماعی و موفقیت تحصیلی کودک می‌شود از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسهی دانشآموزان اوتیستیک با پیشرفت تحصیلی بالا و ضعیف از نظر راهبردهای یادگیری و کارکردهای اجرایی انجام شد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه دانش‌آموزان طیف اوتیسم دبیرستان شهرستان یزد است. با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس 30 دانش‌آموز اوتیسم با عملکرد تحصیلی بالا (گروه اول) با 30 دانش‌آموز طیف اوتیسم با عملکرد تحصیلی پایین از لحاظ هوش و مشکلات روانشناختی همگن شدند. پرسشنامه‌های صفات طیف اوتیسم، کارکردهای اجرایی و راهبردهای یادگیری بین آنها توزیع گردید. سپس داده‌ها با روش آماری تی تست مستقل بررسی شدند و نتایج نشان داد که دانش‌آموزان اوتیستیک با عملکرد تحصیلی بالا از نظر تمامی متغیرهای راهبردهای یادگیری و همچنین از نظر بازداری، تنظیم هیجانی، برنامهریزی و سازماندهی و انتقال توجه تفاوت معناداری با گروه دانش‌آموزان با پیشرفت پایین دارند. بنابراین نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که دانش‌آموزان دارای طیف اوتیسم موفق در تحصیل بیشتر از راهبردهای یادگیری استفاده میکنند و وضعیت بهتری در زمینه کارکردهای اجرایی نسبت به دانش‌آموزان دارای طیف اوتیسم ناموفق در تحصیل دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Comparison of Executive Functions and Learning Strategies among Autistic Students with High and Low Academic Performance

نویسندگان English

Farangis Demehri
Tahere Khatibi
Mahdiye Azizi
چکیده English

The importance of understanding the pathology, nature, and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has always been emphasised throughout school. Children with ASD have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal social communication, which limit their ability regarding effective social communication and academic achievement. The purpose of this research was to compare learning strategies and executive functions among successful and non-successful autistic students in terms of academic achievement. For this purpose, 15 successful students with ASD and 15 non-successful students with ASD were recruited via the purposeful sampling method. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient Test, the executive functions and learning strategies questionnaires were used. Data was analysed with an independent t-test. Results showed that, successful students with ASD had a significant difference with the second group in all variables of learning strategies in addition to inhibition, emotional management, planning, organizing and attention shifting. It can be concluded that students with ASD who are successful in education use more learning strategies and have better executive functions compared with autistic students who are not successful in education.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Executive Functions
Autism spectrum disorder
learning strategies
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