Investigate the role of self-concept clarity in the relationship between organizational culture and organizational identity (Study case - Sarchesheme copper complex in Rafsanjan)

Authors
mahmoud alipour
MAHAMAD NAGHI FARAHANI
NICICO
Abstract
Based on the cognitive perspective, cognitve schemas, as an important individual characteristic, influence human behavior. on the other hand, employees can influence the success or filure of the organization by influencing the organizational identity and contex. therefore, in this article, the role of self-concept clarity in the relationship between organizational identity and organizational culture han been investigated. for this purpose, the employees of Sarcheshmeh Copper complex, that at the time of research were more than 5190 person, were selected as the statistical population., and then, using cochran's formula and stratified random sampling, 428 pepole were introduced as a statistical sample. Next, by using cheney's organizational identity questionnaire (1983), Campbell et al's self-concept clarity questionnaire (1996) and Camero-Quinn's organizational culture assesment index tool (2006), the required data were collected. the collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. accordind to tjhe results of research, in addition to the direct effect organizational identity, self-concept clarity, as a mediating variable, modifies the negative effects of organizational culture on organizational identity. Considering the role of self-concept clarit in the relationship between organizational identity and organizational cultre and its effect on organizational identiy, it seems that increasing the clarity of employee's self-concept improve their organizational identity. therefore, it is sggested that in the process of recruiing human resources, people who have a higher sel-concept clarity should be recruited into organization. also, it is suggested to compile and implement the necessary training programs to improve the self-concept clarity of employees.
Keywords
Organizational Identity
Self-concept Clarity
Organizational culture
Albert, S. 1998. The definition and metadefinition of identity. In D. A. Whetten & P. C. Godfrey (Eds.) Identity in organizations: Developing theory through conversations: 1–13. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Albert, S., Ashforth, B. E., & Dutton, J. E. (2000). Organizational identity and identification: Charting new waters and building new bridges. Academy of management review, 25(1), 13-17.
Alessandri, G., De Longis, E., Golfieri, F., & Crocetti, E. (2020). Can self-concept clarity protect against a pandemic? a daily study on self-concept clarity and negative affect during the COVID-19 outbreak. Identity, 21(1), 6–19. doi:10.1080/15283488.2020.18465, 6-19.
Alvesson, M. & Robertson, M. (2016). ‘Organizational Identity: A critique.’ In M.G. Pratt, M. Schultz, B.E. Ashforth, and D. Ravasi (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Identity, (pp. 160-180). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Amiot, C. E., de la Sablonniere, R., Smith, L. G., & Smith, J. R. (2015). Capturing changes in social identities over time and how they become part of the self‐concept. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(4), 171-187.
Ashforth, B. and Humphrey, R. (1995), “Emotion in the workplace: a reappraisal”, Human Relations, Vol. 48 No. 2, pp. 97-125.
Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. 2008. Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions. Journal of Management, 34: 325–374.
Barney, J. B. (1986). Organizational culture: can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage?. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 656-665. doi:10.2307/258317.
Bechtoldt, M. N., De Dreu, C. K. W., Nijstad, B. A., & Zapf, D. (2010). Self-concept clarity and the management of social conflict. Journal of Personality, 78, 539–574.
Błażek, M., & Besta, T. (2012). Self-concept clarity and religious orientations: Prediction of purpose in life and self-esteem. Journal of Religion and Health, 51(3), 947–960.
Brown. A. D. 1997. Narcissism, identity, and legitimacy. Academy of Management Review, 22: 643-686
Cameron, K.S., & Quinn, R.E. (2006). Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture Based on the Competing Values Framework. The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series.
Campbell, J. D., Assanand, S., & Paula, A. D. (2003). The structure of the self-concept and its relation to psychological adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71, 115–140.
Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 141-156.
Cantor, N. (1990). From thought to behavior: “Having” and “doing” in the study of personality and cognition. American Psychologist,45,735-750.
Carvalho, C. R. S. P., Castro, M. A. R., Silva, L. P., & Carvalho, L. O. P. (2018). The relationship between organizational culture, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Rebrae, 11(2), 201-215.
Cheney, G. (1983). The Rhetoric of Identification and Study of Organizational Communication. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 69 (2), 143-158.
Chung, H. S. (2019). Organizational Identity and Organizational Identification: Recap of Literature and Suggestions for Future Research. 노사관계연구 (Seoul Journal of Industrial Relations), 30.
Cooper, D., & Thatcher, S. M. (2010). Identification in organizations: The role of self-concept orientations and identification motives. Academy of management review, 35(4), 516-538.
Daud, I. (2020). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Compensation on Employee Performance with Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Daud, I, 122-128.
De Cremer, D., and Sedikides, C. (2005). Self-uncertainty and responsiveness to procedural justice. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 41, 157–173. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2004. 06.010.
De Dreu, C. K., & van Knippenberg, D. (2005). The possessive self as a barrier to conflict resolution: Effects of mere ownership, process accountability, and self-concept clarity on competitive cognitions and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(3), 345.
Deshmukh, K., S., (2021). Role of yoga to develop positive self-concept in juvenile delinquents. International Journal of Yogic, Human Movement and Sports Sciences 2021; 6(1): 07-09
Dubkevics, L., & Barbars, A. (2010). The role of organizational culture in human resource management.
Elsbach, K. D., & Kramer, R. M. 1996. Members' responses to organizational identity threats: Encountering and countering the Business Week rankings. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 442-476.
Empson, L. (2004). Organizational identity change: managerial regulation and member identification in an accounting firm acquisition. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 29(8), 759–781. doi: 10.1016/j.aos.2004.04.002.
Epstein S (1973). The self-concept revisited or a theory of a theory. American Psychologist, 28: 405-416.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W. W. Norton.
Forero, C. G., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Gallardo-Pujol, D. (2009). Factor analysis with ordinal indicators: A Monte Carlo study comparing DWLS and ULS estimation. Structural Equation Modeling, 16(4), 625–641. doi:10.1080/10705510903203573.
Fusco, T., O'Riordan, S., and Palmer, S. (2016). Developing Self-Concept-Clarity in Authentic Leadership Group Coaching, The Coaching Psychologist, Vol. 12, No. 1, June 2016 © The British Psychological Society – ISSN:1748–1104.
Gecas, V. (1982). The self-concept. Annual Review of Psychology, 8, 1–33.
Gökçen, K. A. R. A. (2021). Social Identity and the Loss of Individuality in Toni Morrison’sa Mercy. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi, 7(3), 595-603.
Hartnell, C., Ou, A. and Kinicki, A. (2011), “Organizational culture and organizational effectiveness: a meta-analytic investigation of the competing values framework’s theoretical suppositions”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 96 No. 4, pp. 677-694.
Haslam, S. A. (2004). Psychology in Organizations. The Social Identity Approach. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Hatch, M. J., & Schultz, M. (2002). The dynamics of organizational identity. Human Relations, 55(8), 989-1018.
Hatch, M.J., Schultz, M., & Skov, A.M. (2015). ‘Organizational Identity and culture in the context of managed change: Transformation in the Carlsberg Group, 2009-2013’. Academy of Management Discoveries, 1, 61-92.
Johnson, R. E., Selenta, C., & Lord , R. G. (2006). When organizational justice and the self-concept meet: Consequences for the organization and its members. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 99(2), 175-201.
Khanbashi, M., Sadeighi, R., & Karimzadeh, S. (2018). Relationship between organizational culture with organizational intelligence and organizational identity (Case Study: employees the Eastern Azarbaijan Province Tax Administration). Journal of Cultural Management, 12(40), 47-64.
Kwantes, C. and Boglarsky, c. (2007) Perceptions of organizational culture, leadership effectiveness and personal effectiveness across six countries. Journal of International Management 13, 204–230.
Lam, A. (2004). Organizational Innovation, Working Paper No. 1 BRESE, School of Business and Management Brunel University.
Lee, Y. T., Tang, R., Minneyfield, A., Brantley, J., & Chen, W. (2021). Ethnic Identity, Individual Identity, and Perceived Stress Correlated with Life Satisfaction of American College Students.
Lee-Flynn, S. C., Pomaki, G., DeLongis, A., Biesanz, J. C., & Puterman, E. (2011). Daily cognitive appraisals, daily affect, and long-term depressive symptoms: The role of self-esteem and self-concept clarity in the stress process. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(2).
Lewandowski, G. W., Jr., & Nardone, N. (2012). Self-concept clarity's role in self–other agreement and the accuracy of behavioral prediction. Self and Identity, 11, 71–89.
Lewandowski, G. W., Jr., & Nardone, N. (2012). Self-concept clarity's role in self–other agreement and the accuracy of behavioral prediction. Self and Identity, 11, 71–89.
Light, A. E., & Visser, P. S. (2013). The ins and outs of the self: Contrasting role exits and role entries as predictors of self-concept clarity. Self and Identity, 12, 291–306.
Liness, K. L. J. F. S. (2008). Thirteen. Mental Health Nursing E-Book: An Evidence Based Approach, 211.
Linville, P. W. (1987). Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 663- 676.
Martin, F. (2009). The organization moral identity and organizational effectiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(2), 98-106.
Masoomi, M., Bornaki, F., & Salami, A. (2019). The Fourth World and Politics of Social Identity in Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy. World Sociopolitical Studies, 3(4), 731-761.
McConnell, A. R., & Strain, L. M. (2007). Content and structure of the self. In C. Sedikides & S. Spencer (Eds.) The self in social psychology (pp. 51-73). New York: Psychology Press.
Mesfin, D., Woldie, M., Adamu, A., & Bekele, F. (2020). Perceived organizational culture and its relationship with job satisfaction in primary hospitals of Jimma zone and Jimma town administration, correlational study. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 1-9.
Mittal, B. (2015). Self-concept clarity: Exploring its role in consumer behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology, 46, 98–110.
Muthe´n, B. O. (1993). Goodness of fit with categorical and other nonnormal variables. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 205–234). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Muthe´n, B. O., Du Toit, S. H. C., & Spisic, D. (1997). Robust inference using weighted least squares and quadratic estimating equations in latent variable modeling with categorical and continuous outcomes. Retrieved from http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/muthen/articles/Article_075.pdf.
Nezlek, J.B. & Plesko, R.M. (2001). Day-to-day relationships among self-concept clarity, self-esteem, daily events, and mood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2), 201–211.
O’Donnell, and O., Boyle, R., (2008). Understanding and Managing Organisational Culture, Institute of Public Administration, Dublin.
Oh, S., & Roh, S. C. (2019). A moderated mediation model of self-concept clarity, transformational leadership, perceived work meaningfulness, and work motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 1756-1764.
Perälä, A. M. (2019). Organizational Identity and Identification: Case of Family Inc.
Pilarska, A. (2016). How do self-concept differentiation and self-concept clarity interrelate in predicting sense of personal identity? Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 85-89.
Ravasi, D., & Schultz, M. (2006). Responding to organizational identity threats: Exploring the role of organizational culture. Academy of Management Journal. relations, 55(8), 989-1018.
Reis, G., Trullen, J., & Story, J. (2016). Perceived organizational culture and engagement: the mediating role of authenticity. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Sahni, P., & Fakhr, R. (2022). Self-Hypnosis Boosts Self-Concept: A Review. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2679-2685.
Savalei, V., & Rhemtulla, M. (2013). The performance of robust test statistics with categorical data. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 66(2), 201–223. doi:10.1111/bmsp.2013.66. issue-2.
Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational Culture and Leadership, Third edition, San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
Schwartz, S. J., Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Hale, W. W., Frijns, T., Oosterwegel, A., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2011). Daily dynamics of personal identity and self-concept clarity, Uropean journal of Personality, 25(5) 373- doi:10.1002/per.798.
Schwartz, S. J., Meca, A., & Petrova, M. (2017). Who am I and why does it matter? Linking personal identity and self-concept clarity. In Self-concept clarity (pp. 145-164). Springer, Cham.
Schwartz, S. J., Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Hale, W. W., III, & Meeus, W. H. J. (2012). Characterizing the self-system over time in adolescence: Internal structure and associations with internalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 1208–1225.
Scott, S. G., & Lane, V. R. (2000). A stakeholder approach to organizational identity. Academy of Management review, 25(1), 43-62.
Shi, D., DiStefano, C., McDaniel, H. L., & Jiang, Z. (2018). Examining chi-square test statistics under conditions of large model size and ordinal data. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 25(6), 924-945.
Sillince, J. A., & Brown, A. D. (2009). Multiple organizational identities and legitimacy: The
Sinha, C. K., & Roy, I. K. (2020). A Study of Self–Concept among Teaching Employees Working in Govt. and Missionary Schools of North Bihar, India.
Slotter, E. B., Gardner, W. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2010). Who am I without you? The influence of romantic breakup on the self-concept. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 147–160.
Stangor, C., Jhangiani, R., & Tarry, H. (2022). The Cognitive Self: The Self-Concept. Principles of Social Psychology-1st International H5P Edition.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & L. W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
Tarka, P. 2017. The comparison of estimation methods on the parameter estimates and fit indices in SEM model under 7-point Likert scale. Archives of Data Science, Series A (Online First), 2, 16-S.
Terry, D. J., & Hogg, M. A. (1996). Group norms and the attitude-behavior relationship: A role for group identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167296228002.
Thalib, S. B. (2017). Psikologi pendidikan berbasis analisis empiris aplikatif. Prenada Media.
Tseng, S. (2011). The effects of hierarchical culture on knowledge management processes. Management Research Review, 34(5), 595–608. doi:10.1108/01409171111128742.
Tucker-Lloyd, J. E. (2019). Leadership Influence and Organizational Culture Influence in Private Schools: A Comparative Multiple Case Study on the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Strategic Leadership.
Turner, J. C., Reynolds, K. J., Van Lange, P. A. M., Kruglanski, A. W., & Higgins, E. T. (2011). Handbook of theories of social psychology.
Van Dick, R., Christ, O., Stellmacher, J., Wagner, U., Ahlswede, O., Grubba, C., … Tissington, P. A. (2004). Should I stay or should I go? Explaining turnover intentions with organizational identification and job satisfaction. British Journal of Management, 15, 351–360.
Van Knippenberg, D., & Sleebos, E. (2006). Organizational identification versus organizational commitment: Self‐definition, social exchange, and job attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(5), 571-584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.359
Vijayakumar., V. S. R., and Padma., R.N. (2014). Impact of perceived organizational culture and learninig on organizational identification. International Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol. 24, No.1.
Wehrle, K., & Fasbender, U. (2019). Self-concept. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer Nature.