کارکرد روان‌شناختی هیجان نوستالژی: افزایش ابراز خودِ راستین و کاهش خودتعریفی بیرونی

نویسنده
گروه روان شناسی، واحد بویین زهرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بویین زهرا، ایران
چکیده
یافته­‌های پیشین، کارکردهای فراوان هیجان نوستالژی، برای نمونه افزایش سلامت روانی، را نشان داده­اند و پژوهش کنونی برای تبیین آن یافته­‌ها، این توضیح نظری را آزمون کرد که سودمندی­‌های نوستالژی از این راه به دست می­‌آیند که نوستالژی، خودِ راستین انسان را به یاد او می­‌اندازد. با هدف بررسی اثر نوستالژی بر اصیل بودن (ابراز خود راستین) و خود-تعریفی بیرونی (نگرانی دربارۀ برآورده کردن استانداردهای جامعه و انتظارهای دیگران)، از میان 30 هزار مشترک تلفن همراه در تهران و کرج، 451 نفر (200 مرد) با میانگین سنی 40 سال با روش در دسترس گزینش و در یک طرح آزمایشی به­‌گونۀ تصادفی به دو گروه نوستالژی (که به یک خاطرۀ نوستالژیک اندیشیدند) و بدون نوستالژی (که به یک خاطرۀ معمولی اندیشیدند) گمارده شدند. ابراز خود راستین با پرسش­نامۀ اصیل بودن (کرنیس و گولدمن، 2006) و خود-تعریفی بیرونی با مقیاس تمرکز بر وابستگی‌­های بیرونی (ویلیمس و همکاران، 2010) اندازه‌­گیری شد. آزمون­های t نشان دادند که گروه نوستالژی شخصیت گذشتۀ خود را اصیل­‌تر درجه­‌بندی کرد و خود-تعریفی بیرونی کمتری گزارش داد و الگوسازی فرایند شرطی نشان داد که نوستالژی از راه افزایش اصیل بودن، خود-تعریفی بیرونی را کاهش داده است. این یافته‌­ها نشان می­دهند که اولا می­توان از نوستالژی در درمان بیماری­های روانی کمک گرفت، و ثانیا پیامدهای مثبت فراوان نوستالژی که در پژوهش­‌های پیشین نشان داده شده است از این واقعیت سرچشمه می­گیرند که نوستالژی خود راستین انسان­ها را به آنها نشان می­دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Psychological Function of Nostalgia: Increasing Intrinsic Self-Expression and Decreasing Extrinsic Self-Definition

نویسنده English

Ebrahim Ahmadi
Department of Psychology, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran
چکیده English

Previous findings have shown the many functions of nostalgia, for example, increasing mental health, and the current research aimed to explain those findings by testing the theoretical explanation that the benefits of nostalgia come from the fact that nostalgia reminds us of our intrinsic self. Aiming to investigate the effect of nostalgia on authenticity (intrinsic self-expression) and extrinsic self-definition (concern about meeting society's standards and the expectations of others), Out of 30,000 mobile phone subscribers in Tehran and Karaj, 451 (200 men) with an average age of 40 years were sampled by the convenience method and in an experimental design were randomly assigned to two groups of nostalgia (who thought of a nostalgic memory) and no nostalgia (who thought of an ordinary memory). Intrinsic self-expression was measured by the Authenticity Inventory (Kernis and Goldman, 2006) and extrinsic self-definition by the Extrinsic Contingency Focus Scale (Williams et al., 2010). T-tests showed that the nostalgia group rated their past personality more authentic and reported less extrinsic self-definition and Conditional Process Modelling showed that nostalgia reduced extrinsic self-definition by increasing authenticity. Based on these findings, nostalgia can help in the treatment of mental disorders.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Nostalgia
intrinsic self
authenticity
extrinsic self-definition
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