مقایسه تأثیر دو روش آموزشی مونته‌سوری و مبتنی بر ربات بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانش‌آموزان

نویسندگان
دانشگاه خوارزمی
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثر دو روش آموزشی مونته‌سوری و مبتنی بر ربات بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانش‌آموزان است. تحقیق از نوع شبه‌آزمایشی با دو گروه آزمایشی همراه با پس‌آزمون و پیگیری است. در کل تعداد 34 دانش‌آموز دختر پایه دوم دبستان به‌صورت در دسترس از مدارسی که در آن کلاس‌های مونته‌سوری دایر بود انتخاب شدند. این دانش‌آموزان هیچ‌گونه مشکلات جسمی و ذهنی نداشتند و دارای اختلال یادگیری نیز نبودند. هر گروه آزمایشی یکی از روش‌های آموزشی را در 12 جلسه 90 - 75 دقیقه­ای دریافت کردند. سپس پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با ابزارهای ویسکانسین برای ارزیابی انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی، استروپ برای ارزیابی بازداری پاسخ و کورنولدی برای ارزیابی حافظه کاری انجام شد. برای تحلیل داده­ها از روش تحلیل واریانس آمیخته چندمتغیره استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش، تفاوت معنادار این دو روش آموزشی را در ارتقای کارکردهای اجرایی دانش‌آموزان نشان داد (001/0> p). همچنین خرده مقیاس‌های کارکردهای اجرایی (طبق تعریف میاک،2000) نیز تفاوت‌های معناداری را نشان دادند که در نتیجه تأییدی بر مؤثربودن روش آموزشی مونته‌سوری بر ارتقای انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و بازداری پاسخ بود؛ هرچند در مورد حافظه کاری، معلوم شد که روش­ آموزشی مبتنی بر ربات نقش مهم‌تری داشته است. به دلیل ماهیت روش آموزش مونته­سوری که بر اساس ابزارها و فعالیت­های کاملاً هدفمند شکل گرفته است نتایج فوق قابل‌قبول است؛ همچنین به دلیل توالی برنامه­نویسی­ها در ربات­های آموزشی و نیاز به استفاده از اطلاعات و توجه به مراحل پیشین کدگذاری، مؤثربودن آموزش مبتنی بر ربات نیز قابل‌پذیرش است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Comparing the effects of two educational methods, Montessori and Robot-based in students' executive functions

نویسندگان English

vahide Seyed mohseni
Hadi Keramati
Mohammad hossein Abdpllahi
Hamid reza Hassan abadi
چکیده English

The objective of the present study was to compare the impact of two distinct educational approaches, namely the Montessori and robot-based methodologies, on students' executive functions. The research design was quasi-experimental, with two experimental groups and a post-test and follow-up. A total of 34 available female students from the second elementary grade were selected from the schools where Montessori classes were held. The students were free from physical or mental impairments and did not exhibit learning disorders. Each experimental group received one of the training methods in 12 sessions of 75-90 minutes. Following this, the post-test and follow-up were conducted using the Wisconsin tool to evaluate cognitive flexibility, the Stroop task to evaluate response inhibition, and the Cornoldi task to evaluate working memory. Multivariate mixed-variance analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicated a significant difference between the two educational approaches in enhancing students' executive functions (p<0.01). Additionally, the subscales of executive functions (as defined by Miyake, 2000) demonstrated significant differences, thereby corroborating the efficacy of the Montessori educational method in fostering cognitive flexibility and response inhibition. However, with regard to working memory, the robot-based educational method was found to be of greater importance. Due to the nature of the Montessori education method, which is based on fully targeted tools and activities, the above results are acceptable; Also, due to the sequence of programming in educational robots and the need to use previous information and pay attention to the previous stages of coding, the effectiveness of robot-based education is also acceptable.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Montessori educational method
robot-based educational method
Executive Functions
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