The relationship between attitude towards delinquency and perceived stress, attachment styles and cognitive functions of Tehran Azad University students

Authors
zeinab javanmard
tahame hamvatan
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between attitude towards delinquency and perceived stress and attachment styles of Tehran Azad University students.The present study is a cross-sectional study in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of time it is a quantitative study, and in terms of the research method, it is descriptive of the correlation type. For this purpose, the statistical population of the present study included all psychology students of Tehran Azad University in the number of 2400 people. 331 people were selected from the mentioned statistical population based on the Morgan and Karjesi formula. The mentioned sample was selected by available sampling method. The data was collected using the attitude towards delinquent behaviors questionnaire, the perceived stress questionnaire, and the attachment styles questionnaire. SPSS and LISREL statistical software were used to process and analyze the data and check the research hypotheses. The results showed that the fit of the conceptual model was confirmed. Examining the direct paths of the relationship between the investigated variables showed that perceived stress and anxious attachment have a positive relationship with negative attitude towards delinquency. Negative attitude towards delinquency has a positive relationship with secure and avoidant attachment style. Also, the positive attitude towards delinquency did not show a significant relationship with any of the research variables. The findings of the current research show the structural relationships between the variables of attitude towards delinquency, perceived stress and attachment styles and can be used by criminal psychologists, criminologists and other specialists. be related and play a role in crime prevention.
Keywords
Attitude towards delinquency
perceived stress
Attachment styles
Al-Hawari, H., & El-Banna, A. (2017). A medicolegal study of domestic violence in south region of Jordan.Egyptian journal of forensic sciences,7(1), 5.
Basharat, Mohammad Ali. (1384). The mediating role of defense mechanisms in the relationship between attachment styles and ataxia. Applied Psychology Quarterly, 6(1), 22-7.
Bauer, E. P. (2023). Sex differences in fear responses: Neural circuits. Neuropharmacology, 222, 109298.
Bauer, E. P. (2023). Sex differences in fear responses: Neural circuits. Neuropharmacology, 222, 109298.
Behrouzi, Nasser. Shahni-Yilaq, Manijeh, Poursyd, Seyed Mehdi. (2011). The relationship between perfectionism, perceived stress and social support with academic burnout. Culture Strategy, 5(20), 102-83.
Belen, C. F., & Ricafrente, J. (2023). Values Exhibited and Its Effect to Personal Development Among Grade 6 Learners During Modular Instruction in Division of Quezon. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(7), 905-924.
Duprey, E. B., Ross, A. J., Russotti, J., Handley, E. D., & Cicchetti, D. (2023). Interpersonal Mechanisms Between Child Maltreatment Timing and Young Adult Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.
Fang, X., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Bai, Y., Denney, K., ... & Lu, X. Y. (2023). Increased intrinsic and synaptic excitability of hypothalamic POMC neurons underlies chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits. Molecular Psychiatry, 28(3), 1365-1382.
Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., Yin, Y., & Anderson, S. J. (2002). Are within‐individual causes of delinquency the same as between‐individual causes?. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 12(1), 53-68.
Hejirian, Maitham. Chamkuri, Mohammad. Farahmand, Bahram and Abdullahi, Ismail. (2016). The effect of reforming the family foundation on the prevention of juvenile delinquency in Bushehr Correctional Center. International Conference on Political Science Law and Islamic Education, Tehran. Kosha Gostar Conference Center.
Hilland JC. Andersen B. Breitbart WS Buchmann LO. Compas B. Deshields TL.etal .(2013). Distress managemrnt .J NatI Comprehen Cancer Network.11(2):190-209.
Hinnen, C., Sanderman, R., Sprangers, M.A. (2009). Adult attachment as mediator between recollections of childhood and satisfaction with life. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16(1), 10-21.
Hirschi, T. (2017). Causes of delinquency. Routledge
Kaplan, H.B. (1980). Deviant behavior in defense of self. Academic Press New York.
Kassel, J. D., Wardle, M., & Roberts, J.E. (2007). Adult attachment security and college substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 32(6), 1164-1176.
Kaya, F., Aydin, F., Schepman, A., Rodway, P., Yetişensoy, O., & Demir Kaya, M. (2024). The roles of personality traits, AI anxiety, and demographic factors in attitudes toward artificial intelligence. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 40(2), 497-514.
Lavric, M., & Soponaru, C. (2023). Art Therapy and Social Emotional Development in Students with Special Educational Needs: Effects on Anxiety, Empathy, and Prosocial Behaviour. Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 15(1), 606-621.
Lazarus, R.S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lee, S., Rhee, S. and Villagrana, M.(2018). Change in delinquency over time between adolescents with and without maltreatment experiences: Attachment and the school's role. Children and Youth Services Review, 86: 110-119.
Li, Y., Jia, W., Yan, N., Hua, Y., Han, T., Yang, J., ... & Ma, L. (2023). Associations between chronic stress and hair cortisol in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders.
Mannarini, S., Taccini, F., & Rossi, A. A. (2023). The role of alexithymia and impulsivity in male victims and perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Behavioral Sciences, 13(5), 402.
Mikulincer, M. and Shaver, P. R. (2019). Attachment orientations and emotion regulation. Current Opinion in Psychology,25, 6-10.doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc. 02.006.
Moreira, P., Pedras, S., Silva, M., Moreira, M., & Oliveira, J. (2021). Personality, attachment, and well-being in adolescents: The independent effect of attachment after controlling for personality. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 1855-1888.
Mozafari, A. R., Shaw, A. B., & Lynch, S. M. (2023). The Influence of Interpersonal Violence and Adult Attachment on Incarcerated Women’s Mental Health and Parenting Self-Perception. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 1-20.
Nelsen, S. K., Kayaalp, A., & Page, K. J. (2023). Perfectionism, substance use, and mental health in college students: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of American College Health, 71(1), 257-265.
Quinlan, E., Deane, F. P., Crowe, T. and Caputi, P. (2018). Do attachment anxiety and hostility mediate the relationship between experiential avoidance and interpersonal problems in mental health carers?Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 7: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.01.003
Saadat, Sajjad and Khodayari Saghavaz, Haniyeh. (2011). Examining the relationship between coping strategies and tendency to delinquency. Mazandaran University, general conference on prevention of crimes and social harms. 908-895.
Smith, K., Lacadie, C. M., Milivojevic, V., Fogelman, N., & Sinha, R. (2023). Sex differences in neural responses to stress and drug cues predicts future drug use in individuals with substance use disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 244, 109794.
Stadtler, H., & Neigh, G. N. (2023). Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Stress. Psychiatric Clinics.
Taylor, S.E. (2011). Health psychology (8th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Widmer, A., Havewala, M., Bowker, J. C., & Rubin, K. H. (2023). Secure attachment relationships with mothers, but not fathers, moderate the relation between attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms and delinquency in adolescents. Journal of attention disorders, 27(1), 46-56.
Yang, Y. C., Xie, A., Kim, S., Hair, J., Al-Garadi, M., & Sarker, A. (2023). Automatic detection of twitter users who express chronic stress experiences via supervised machine learning and natural language processing. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 41(9), 717-724.